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Cellular Automata 18 Slides Presentation

Cellular Automata (CA) are discrete computational models that use simple local rules to generate complex global behaviors, applicable in various fields such as biology and computer science. Key components include grids, states, neighborhoods, and transition rules, with notable examples like Conway's Game of Life and Rule 30 showcasing emergent behavior and applications in cryptography. The historical development of CA spans from the 1940s to modern usage, emphasizing their foundational role in modeling dynamic systems.

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Janardan KS
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28 views10 pages

Cellular Automata 18 Slides Presentation

Cellular Automata (CA) are discrete computational models that use simple local rules to generate complex global behaviors, applicable in various fields such as biology and computer science. Key components include grids, states, neighborhoods, and transition rules, with notable examples like Conway's Game of Life and Rule 30 showcasing emergent behavior and applications in cryptography. The historical development of CA spans from the 1940s to modern usage, emphasizing their foundational role in modeling dynamic systems.

Uploaded by

Janardan KS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Theory of Computation

Cellular Automata

A Mathematical Model for Complex Systems

Presented by:
JANARDHAN K S
Dayananda Sagar University
Introduction
• Definition:
Cellular Automata (CA) are computational models with discrete
cells, states, and rules.

• Key Idea: Simple rules applied locally lead to complex global


behavior.

• Fields of Application: Biology, computer science, physics, and


social sciences.
Historical Background

• 1940s: John von Neumann's self-replicating automata.

• 1960s-70s: Conway's Game of Life showed emergent behavior.

• 1980s: Stephen Wolfram studied CA systematically.

• Modern Usage: Foundational in modeling dynamic systems.


Components of Cellular Automata
1. Grid: Arrangement of cells (e.g., 1D, 2D, or
higher dimensions).
2. States: Finite states for each cell (e.g., 0 or 1).
3. Neighborhood: Defines the cells influencing a given cell.
- Moore Neighborhood: All 8 adjacent cells in 2D.
- Von Neumann Neighborhood: 4 orthogonal
neighbors.
• 4. Transition Rules: Functions
determining the next
state based on current neighbors.
Key Characteristics
• Discrete Time and Space: Time progresses in steps; space
consists of discrete cells.

• Homogeneous Rules: Same rules apply to all cells.

• Local Interactions: A cell's state depends only on its


neighbors.
Mathematical Representation
• Let S = Set of states (e.g., S = {0, 1}).
• Let N = Neighborhood of a cell.
• Transition function: f: S^N -> S.
• State of cell i at time t+1:
• s_i(t+1) = f(s_{i-N}(t), ..., s_{i+N}(t)).
Rule 30
• A 1D CA with binary states and a neighborhood of size 3.
• Transition Table:
- 111 → 0, 110 → 0, 101 → 0, 100 → 1
- 011 → 1, 010 → 1, 001 → 1, 000 → 0

• Applications: Cryptography, random number generation, chaos


studies.
Classes of Cellular Automata
• Class 1: Converges to stable, homogeneous
states.
• Class 2: Periodic patterns emerge.
• Class 3: Chaotic and random patterns.
• Class 4: Complex, computationally universal
structures.
Conway's Game of Life
• A 2D CA devised by John Conway in 1970.

• Rules:
1. Any live cell with 2 or 3 neighbors survives.

2. Any dead cell with exactly 3 neighbors becomes live.

3. All other live cells die.

Applications: Demonstrates emergence and complexity.

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