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Methods of Block Working

The document discusses various block working systems used on Indian Railways including absolute block, automatic block, following trains, pilot guard, train staff and ticket, and one train only systems. It provides details on the essential elements and functioning of absolute block and automatic block systems, which use block sections and signals to ensure safe running of trains on single and double line sections.

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PAUL DURAI
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656 views

Methods of Block Working

The document discusses various block working systems used on Indian Railways including absolute block, automatic block, following trains, pilot guard, train staff and ticket, and one train only systems. It provides details on the essential elements and functioning of absolute block and automatic block systems, which use block sections and signals to ensure safe running of trains on single and double line sections.

Uploaded by

PAUL DURAI
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basics of Signalling

Methods of Block Working


Key Statistics
• Route Kms : 63,028
• Number of Stations : 6,853
• Passenger Kms : 457,022m
• Tonne Kms : 312,371m
• Employees : 1,545.3m
• Revenue :Rs. 348,805m
• Expenditure :Rs. 346,673m
Up-to 31.3.2001
Systems of working
• Chapter VII of GR describes the Systems of
working.
• Systems of working:
– The Absolute Block System,
– The Automatic Block System,
– The Following Trains System,
– The Pilot Guard System,
– The Train-staff and Ticket System, and
– The One Train Only System.
Systems of working
• The Following Trains System
– Trains are despatched from one station to the next in
succession in the same direction on the same line, with
a time interval
– Station Master of next station will ensure that no train
leaves his station towards the station in rear until all
trains have reached his station and a fresh Direction of
Traffic has been esteblished
– All trains should run at the same speed not exceeding
25 kmph
Systems of working
• The Pilot Guard System
– Trains are piloted by the Pilot Guard who shall travel
on the foot plate of the Engine
– No train shall leave a stationwithout the Pilot Guard
– All trains should run at the same speed not exceeding
25 kmph and with a time interval of minimum 15
minutes
Systems of working
• The Train-Staff and Ticket System
– Trains may be worked under this system between two
stations
– a single Train-Staff shall be kept at one of the stations
– Train shall not start from a station unless the Train-
Staff has been handed over or shown to the driver
– Driver must be in possession of either Train-Staff or
Train-Staff Ticket
– All trains should run at the same speed not exceeding
25 kmph and with a time interval of minimum 15
minutes
Systems of working
• The One Train Only System
– Trains may be worked under this system on short
terminal branch lines on single line
– Only one Train shall work in the section, at any time
– If the train becomes disabled and requires assistance,
the same will be arranged by the Station Master of the
Base Station, after observing laid down precautions
– Guard of the disabled train will be responsible for safe
working till normal working is restored
The Absolute Block System
Essentials:
– No train shall leave a Block Station unless LC has
been received from Block Station in advance

– On double line, such LC shall not be given unless


• the last preceding train has arrived complete and
signals have been put back to on behind the said train
• line is clear up-to FSS plus adequate distance
The Absolute Block System
• Essentials:

– On single line, such LC shall not be given unless


• the last preceding train has arrived complete and
signals have been put back to on behind the said train
• line is clear up-to FSS plus adequate distance
• AND it is clear of trains running towards the station to
which LC is being given.
The Absolute Block System

Stn A Stn B

Block Section

Overlap
The Absolute Block System
• Points to remember:
– Adequate distance is 400m for 2 aspect signals &
180m for multi aspect signals
– Arrival of whole train is manually checked by
verifying Tail Board / Lamp and exchange of
Alright signal with Guard. It can also be done by
Axle Counters or track circuits.
– Putting back of signals and clearance of overlap is
checked by circuits
The Automatic Block System
• Essntials for double line:
– Line must be continuously track circuited
– Line between stations is divided into Automatic
Block Signalling Sections
– Entry into each Section is controlled by MACL
stop signals
– Track Circuits control the aspect of signals
• OFF aspect only when line is clear up-to next signal
plus overlap (120 m)
• Automatic replacement to ON with passage of train
The Automatic Block System
• Essntials for single line:
– Line must be continuously track circuited
– Direction of traffic only after LC has been
obtained from stn in advance
– Train to start from the stn only after direction of
traffic has been esteblished
– LC shall not be granted unless line is clear up-
to FSS plus overlap (180m)
The Automatic Block System
• Essntials for single line:
– Line between stations is divided into Automatic
Block Signalling Sections
– Entry into each Section is controlled by MACL
stop signals in the direction of traffic
– Signals against the direction of traffic at ON
– Track Circuits control the aspect of signals
• OFF aspect only when line is clear up-to next signal
• If next signal is manual, then overlap (180m) is also
required
The Automatic Block System
• Aspect Control:
• Yellow when one signalling section plus overlap is
clear
• Green when two signalling sections plus overlap is
clear (in 3 aspect territory)
• Double Yellow when two signalling sections plus
overlap is clear (in 4 aspect territory)
• Green when 3 signalling sections plus overlap is
clear (in 4 aspect territory)
3 Aspect Signals 4 Aspect Signals
The Automatic Block System
• Minimum equipment of signals
– Manual stop signals at stations
• a Home
• a Starter
– an Automatic stop signal in rear of Home signal
of the station
• one or more additional auto signals in
between block stations
The Automatic Block System
• Conditions for taking OFF manual signals
in auto territories:
– Home signal except at terminal station
• Line to be clear upto Starter plus overlap (120m)
– Last stop signal
• Direction of Traffic has been esteblished
• Line is clear upto next signal (automatic) or
• Line is clear upto next signal (manual) plus overlap
(180m)
The Automatic Block System
• What happens if an Automatic signal is
defective:
– Signal can be at ON due to TC failure or some
other defect
– Driver should stop and wait in rear of signal
• one minute during DAY
• Two minutes during NIGHT
– If signal remains ON, inform Guard by whistle
code & hand signal and proceed at restricted
speed (15 kmph or less) till he reaches the next
signal
– Then be guided by the aspect of next signal
The Automatic Block System
• Points to remember:
– Track is continuously track circuited
– Signals diplay Off aspect normally when there
are no trains
– Signals are replaced automatically to On with
the passage of trains past them
– Drivers are authorised to pass automatic signals
after observing certain precautions

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