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Non Mendelian Genetics

The document discusses non-Mendelian genetics, highlighting various inheritance patterns beyond complete dominance, such as incomplete inheritance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic traits, and sex-linked inheritance. It provides examples and problems related to these concepts, including blood type inheritance and color blindness. The document emphasizes that these inheritance patterns can lead to a variety of phenotypes and genetic outcomes.

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ashbekun
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27 views17 pages

Non Mendelian Genetics

The document discusses non-Mendelian genetics, highlighting various inheritance patterns beyond complete dominance, such as incomplete inheritance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic traits, and sex-linked inheritance. It provides examples and problems related to these concepts, including blood type inheritance and color blindness. The document emphasizes that these inheritance patterns can lead to a variety of phenotypes and genetic outcomes.

Uploaded by

ashbekun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NON-

MENDELIAN
GENETICS
MENDELIAN GENETICS
(COMPLETE DOMINANCE)
Only two possible Phenotypes: either
dominant or recessive
Tall plant X Short plant = Tall plant
(TT) (tt) (Tt)
NON-MENDELIAN GENETICS
But, not all inheritance is based on the rules
of Complete Dominance!
INTRODUCTION
Mendelian Genetics describes inheritance patterns based on
Complete Dominance or Recessiveness.
There are other types of inheritance that Mendel never
considered:
Incomplete Inheritance
Codominance
Multiple Alleles
Polygenic
Sex Linked Inheritance
INCOMPLETE
INHERITANCE
The hybrid (heterozygous) offspring
displays a THIRD Phenotype. Neither trait
is completely dominant, as a result, there
appears to be a blending phenotype.
Red Flower X White Flower = Pink
(RR) (WW) (RW)
INCOMPLETE INHERITANCE
PROBLEM
What is the probability of pink flowers if pink
flowers are bred with red flowers?

50%
chance
of Pink
Flowers
INCOMPLETE INHERITANCE
PROBLEM
What is the probability of white flowers if pink
flowers are bred with pink flowers?
CODOMINANCE

Both traits are dominant, and show up in


the phenotype together. Co means
“together”

Black Cow X White Cow = Spotted Cow


(BB) (WW) (BW)
CODOMINANCE PROBLEM

What are all the possible phenotypes when two


spotted cows are bred?

Possible
phenotypes
are a black
cow, 2
spotted
cows, and a
white cow
MULTIPLE ALLELES
When more than 2 varieties exist in a trait. Many
animals have a variety of coat colors.
BLOOD TYPE DISPLAYS
MULTIPLE ALLELES
Red Blood cells can either have a carbohydrate
on their surface or not.
The presence of a carbohydrate (I) is dominant to
the absence of a carb (i).
Additionally, there are two types of carbs that
may exist on the surface of RBCs called A (IA)
and B (IB).
Cell surface carbs A and B are codominant, which
means they could also show up at the same time on
an RBC.
BLOOD TYPE INHERITANCE
Cells RULES: Genotypes Can receive
from:

IAi, IAIA AO, AA


A or O

IBi, IBIB BO,BB


B or O

IAIB AB
A, B, AB, O

ii O O
BLOOD TYPE PROBLEMS

If a woman with AB blood


has children with a man
who has type O, what will
be the possible genotypes
of their children? What will
be their blood types?

IA IB
i IA i IB i
i I i
A I B
i
BLOOD TYPE PROBLEMS

Blood Type Problem 2: A


woman with type B blood
has a child with type O
blood. How is this possible
if her husband has type A
blood?
POLYGENIC TRAITS

• Require more than one gene (allele) to determine trait.


• Skin tone is determined by 4-6 genes—that means that
there may be six different chromosomes involved!
SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE

Genes for some traits are found on the sex


chromosomes (X or y)
Most of these traits are recessive the normal
gene is dominant
• Heterozygous Females (XXc) are carriers.
carriers They do
not show the trait, but carry a gene for the trait.
• Homozygous Females (XcXc) have the trait
• Males with the gene (XcY) have the trait.—They
.—
do not have another X to counterbalance the
affected gene
COLOR BLINDNESS IS A SEX-LINKED
RECESSIVE TRAIT. THE GENE FOR THIS
TRAIT IS INHERITED THROUGH THE X
CHROMOSOME.
If a woman with normal vision
has children with a man
who is colorblind, Xc Y
what are the chances
that their children will be
colorblind?
X XXc XY
Will any children be carriers
of the trait? X XXc XY

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