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SCHOOL OF AYURVEDA AND SIDDHA STUDIES ,

SEHORE
DEPARTMENT : RACHANA SHARIR
TOPIC: SPLEEN
SUBMITTED BY ENROLLMENT
NO.
Soumya Singh
232058013079
Srushti (81)
Hambarde 232058013034
(82)
BACHELOR OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY
BATCH:-2023-24
SCHOOL OF AYURVDA AND SIDDHA STUDIES
CERTIFICAT
E
This is to certify that the Assignment on RACHNA SHARIR By
SOUMYA SINGH and SRUSHTI HAMBARDE with wholeheartily
devoted and efforts under my keen supervision and guidance .The
compilation has been throughly seen ; their work is very
satisfactory and will be very helpful to the one who will wish to have
knowledge of this topic due to its unique collection of various
books.I wish all the best for brilliant and bright future to the
compile.
DATE:- 30 SEPTEMBER 2024 HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Dr. Pradeep Gupta Sir
School Of Ayurveda And Siddha Studies
SSSUTMS, Sehore
SCHOOL OF AYURVEDA AND SIDDHA
STUDIES
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Assignment on RACHNA SHARIR By
SOUMYA SINGH and SRUSHTI HAMBARDE with wholeheartily
devoted and efforts under my keen supervision and guidance .The
compilation has been throughly seen ; their work is very
satisfactory and will be very helpful to the one who will wish to have
knowledge of this topic due to its unique collection of various
books.I wish all the best for brilliant and bright future to the
compile.
DATE:-30 SEPTEMBER 2024
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Dr. Niharika Jaiswal Mam
Assistant Professor
Department Of Rachana Sharir
School Of Ayurveda And Siddha Studies
SSSUTMS, Sehore
SPLEEN
INDEX
• Introduction • Surface
• Location • Hilum
• Dimension • Relation
• Position • Arterial supply
• Venous Drainage
• External features
• Lymphatic Drainage
• Ends • Nerve Supply
• Angles • Function of the spleen
• Border • Clinical anatomy
INTRODUCTION
• Spleen (Greek splen
and Latin Lien) is a
lymphatic organ
connected to the blood
vascular system.
• It acts as a filter for
blood and plays an
important role in the
immune responses of the
body.
LOCATION
The spleen (Latin low
spirits) is a wedge-shaped
organ lying mainly in the
left hypochondrium, and
partly It is wedged in the
epigastrium
Between stomach and the
diaphragm and lateral to
the liver
 DIMENSION
• The spleen is soft, highly vascular and dark purple in
colour.
• The size and weight of the spleen are markedly
variable.
• On an average, the spleen is 1 inch or 2.5 cm thick
3 inches or 7.5 cm broad

.
5 inches or 12.5 cm long
 POSITION
The spleen lies obliquely
along the long axis of the
10th rib. Thus it is directed
downwards, forwards and
laterally, making an angle of
about 45° with the horizontal
plane.
EXTERNAL FEATURE

The spleen has :-

• Two ends
• Three borders
• Two surfaces
• Two angles
• Hilum A. Viseral Surface B. Diaphragmatic Surface
ENDS
• The anterior or lateral end is expanded and is more like a
border. It is directed downwards and forwards, and reaches
the midaxillary line.
• The posterior or medial end is rounded. It is directed
upwards, backwards and medially, and rests on the upper
pole of the left kidney
ANGLES
Anterobasal angle
It is the junction of superior border with lateral or anterior
end. It is the most forward projecting part of spleen. When
spleen is enlarged, this is felt first, so this is called 'clinical
angle of spleen'.
Posterobasal angle
Junction of inferior border with lateral or anterior end of
spleen.
BORDERS
• The superior border is characteristically notched near
the anterior end.
• The inferior border is rounded.
• The intermediate border is also rounded and is
directed to the right
SURFACE
• The diaphragmatic surface is convex and
smooth.
• The visceral surface is concave and irregular.
HILUM
• Hilum lies between superior and intermediate
borders.
• It is pierced by branches and tributaries of splenic
vessels.
RELATIONS
Peritoneal Relations
• The spleen is surrounded by peritoneum, and is suspended by
following ligaments.
• The gastrosplenic ligament extends from the hilum of the spleen to
the greater curvature of the stomach. It contains the short gastric
vessels and associated lymphatics and sympathetic nerves
• The lienorenal ligament extends from the hilum of the spleen to the
anterior surface of the left kidney. It contains the tail of the pancreas,
the splenic vessels, and associated pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes,
lymphatics and sympathetic nerves.
 • The phrenicocolic ligament is not attached to the spleen,
but supports its anterior end. It is a horizontal told of
peritoneum extending from the splenic flexure of colon to the
diaphragm, opposite the 11th rib in the midaxillary line. It
limits the upper end of the left paracolic gutter. It is also called
sustentaculum lienis
 Visral Relations
Visceral surface
• The visceral surface is related to the fundus of the stomach,
the anterior surface of the left kidney, the splenic flexure of
the colon and the tail of the pancreas.
• The gastric impression, for the fundus of the stomach, lies
between the superior and intermediate borders. It is the
largest and most concave impression on the spleen
• The renal impression, for the left kidney, lies between the
inferior and intermediate borders.
VISCERAL RELATIONS OF THE
SPLEEN
• The colic impressions, for the splenic flexure of the colon,
occupies a triangular area adjoining the anterior end of the
spleen. Its lower part is related to the phrenicocolic ligament.
• The pancreatic impression, for the tail of the pancreas, lies
between the hilum and the colic impression.
• The hilum lies on the inferomedial part of the gastric
impression along the long axis of the spleen. It transmits the
splenic vessels and nerves, and provides attachment to the
gastrosplenic and lienorenal ligaments.
Diaphragmatic surface
• The diaphragmatic surface is related to the diaphragm which
separates the spleen from the costodiaphragmatic recess of
pleura, lung and 9th, 10th and 11th ribs of the left side
ARTERIAL SUPPLY
• The spleen is supplied by
the splenic artery which is
the largest branch of the
coeliac trunk.
It passes through lienorenal
ligament to reach the hilum
of the spleen where it
divides into 5 more
branches. These branches
enter the spleen to supply it.
VENOUS DRAINAGE
• The splenic vein is formed at the hilum of the spleen. It runs a
straight course behind the pancreas.
• It joins the superior mesenteric vein behind the neck of the pancreas
to form the portal vein.
• Its tributaries are the short gastric, left gastroepiploic, pancreatic and
inferior mesenteric veins
 LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
• Splenic tissue proper has
no lymphatics. A few
lymphatics arise from the
connective tissue of the
capsule including trabeculae
and drain into the
pancreaticosplenic lymph
nodes situated along the
splenic artery.
NERVE SUPPLY
• Sympathetic fibres are
derived from the coeliac
plexus. They are
vasomotor in nature.
They also supply some
smooth muscle present
in the capsule.
 FUNCTIONS OF THE SPLEEN
1 Phagocytosis:
The spleen is an important component of the reticuloendothelial
system. The splenic phagocytes include:
• a. The reticular cells and free macrophages of the red
• b. Modified reticular cells of the ellipsoids.
• c. Free macrophages and endothelial cells of the venous sinusoids.d.
Surface reticular cells of the lymphatic follicle.
• e. The phagocytes present in the organ remove cell debris and old and
effete RBCS, other blood cells and microorganisms, and thus filter the
blood. Phagocytosis of circulating antigens initiates humoral and
cellular immune responses.
2 Haemopoiesis:
• The spleen is an important haemopoietic organ during foetal
life.
• Lymphopoiesis continues throughout life. The lymphocytes
manufactured in it take
• part in immune responses of the body.
• In the adult spleen, haemopoiesis can restart in certain
diseases, like chronic myeloid leukaemia and myelosclerosis
3 Immune responses:
Under antigenic stimulation, there occurs
increased lymphopoiesis for cellular responses,
and increased formation of plasma cells for the
humoral responses.
4 Storage of RBCs:
Red blood cells can be stored in the spleen and released into
the circulation when needed. This function is better marked in
animals than in man.
CLINICAL ANATOMY
• Palpation of the spleen
A normal spleen is not palpable. An enlarged spleen can be
felt under the left costal margin during inspiration. Palpation is
assisted by turning the patient to his right side. Note that the
spleen becomes palpable only after it has enlarged to about
twice its normal size.
 Splenomegaly:
• Enlargement of the spleen is
called splenomegaly.
• Sometimes the spleen
becomes very large. It then
projects towards the right
iliac fossa in the direction of
the axis of the tenth rib. The
notches of enlarged spleen.
SPLEENOMEGALY
Splenectomy
Surgical removal of the spleen
is called splenectomy.
During this operation,
damage to the tail of the
pancreas has to be carefully
avoided, as the tail of
pancreas is very rich in islets
of Langerhans. Spleen has two
pedicles-gastrosplenic and
lienorenal. Their contents are
separated carefully before the
ligaments are cut.
 Splenic
infarction

The smaller branches of

splenic artery are end
arteries. Their obstruction
(embolism), therefore,
results in splenic
infarction which causes
referred pain in the left
shoulder [Kehr's sign]
Partial splenectomy
Since there are segmental
branches of the splenic artery,
only one segment can be
removed according to the state
of spleen.
• Banti's disease is a chronic
congestive enlargement of
spleen resulting in premature
destruction of RBC.
Splenic puncture
Spleen can be punctured through the left
9th or 10th intercostal space in the
midaxillary line using a lumbar puncture
needle. When enlarged, it can be
punctured through the midaxillary line.
To avoid laceration of spleen, the patient
must hold his breath during the
procedure. Intrasplenic pressure is an
indirect record of the portal pressure.
Splenic venography reveals and confirms
the enlarged portosystemic
communications in cases of portal
hypertension.
REFERENCE
• 1) Rachana Sharir Vigyan – Dr. Mahendra Singh ( Volume 2 )
(Chapter number 11 )Page number 138
• 2) B D Chaurasia Human Anatomy ( Volume 2 – Chapter23)
Page number 344
• 3)www.slideshare.net
• 4) Google Images
THANK YOU