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21BQ1A4905

The document provides an introduction to the cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO), a device used for observing and analyzing waveforms by plotting amplitude against time. It details the components of the CRO, including the cathode-ray tube (CRT), amplifiers, and power supply, as well as the working principles of the instrument. The document also highlights the importance of maintaining proper intensity and focus to prevent damage to the screen.

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Krishna Prasad Satamraju
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14 views8 pages

21BQ1A4905

The document provides an introduction to the cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO), a device used for observing and analyzing waveforms by plotting amplitude against time. It details the components of the CRO, including the cathode-ray tube (CRT), amplifiers, and power supply, as well as the working principles of the instrument. The document also highlights the importance of maintaining proper intensity and focus to prevent damage to the screen.

Uploaded by

Krishna Prasad Satamraju
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO HARDWARE AND

SOFTWARE
(SKILL ORIENTED COURSE)

CATHODE-RAY OSCILLOSCOPE

Bhumula sirisha
(21BQ1A4905)
INTRODUCTION:
• The cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO) is a multipurpose display instrument used for the
observation, measurement , and analysis of waveforms by plotting amplitude alongy-axis and
time along x-axis.
• CRO is 9enerally an x-y plotter; on a sin9le screen it can display different si9nals applied to
different channels. It can measure amplitude, frequencies and phase shift of various signals.
Many physical quantities like temperature, pressure

• A moving luminous spot over the screen displays the signal. CROs are used to study
waveforms, and other time-varying phenomena from very low to very high frequencies

• The central unit of the oscilloscope is the cathode-ray tube (CRT), and the remaining part of
the CRO consists of the circuitry required to operate the cathode-ray tube.
Block diagram of a cathode-ray
osciIloscope:

Highvoltaga
supply
lnpu1 Lowvobaga
Vartical Delay
supply
signal amplifier line
to
CRT
Eloctron goo

Tima
Trigger Horizontal
basa 1 - - - - - l H
circuit amplifier
genarator

External
input

Figure - 1 Block diagram of a cathode-ray oscilloscope


COMPONENTS OF THE CATHODE-RAY OSCILLOSCOPE:

The CRO consists of the foilowing:


• (i) CRT
• (ii) Vertical amplifier
• (iii) Delay line
• (iv) Horizontal amplifier
• (v) Time-base generator
• (vi) Triggering circuit
• (vii) Power supply
CATHODE-RAY
TUBE:
• The electron g u n or electron emitter, the deflecting system
and the fluorescent screen are the three major components of a general
purpose CRT. A detailed diagram of the cathode-ray oscilloscope is given in Fig. 14-
2.
Vertical
electrode
H
o
Connecting r
pms i
V z
o
n _
t Electro
a n {j_V
l beam
e
V
Electron l
gun e
c
t
r
Screen with
o
phosphor
d
Figure -2 Components of a cathode-ray
e
oscilloscope
Working :
• Power and Scale Illumination: Turns instrument on and controls
illumination of the graticule.
• Focus: Focus the spot or trace on the screen.
• Intensity: Regulates the brightness of the spot or trace.
• WARNING: Never advance the Intensity Control so far that an
excessively bright spot appears. Bright spots imply burning of the
screen. A sharp focused spot of high intensity (great brightness)
should never be allowed to remain fixed in one position on the
screen for any length of time as damage to the screen may occur.

ELECTRONIC GUN:
• In the electron gun of the CRT, electrons are emitted, converted into a sharp
beam and focused upon the fluorescent screen.
• The electron beam consists of an indirectly heated cathode, a control grid, an
accelerating electrode and a focusing anode.
• The electrodes are connected to the base pins.The cathode emitting the electrons
is surrounded by a control grid vvith a fine hole at its centre.
Deflection Systems:
• To deflect the beam horizontally, an alternating voltage is applied to the horizontal
deflecting plates and the spot on the screen horizontally, as sho,.vn in Fig. 14-3(b).
• The electrons will focus at point X2. By chan9in9 the polarity cf volta9e, the beam will focus at
point X1.Thus, the horizontal movement is controlled along X1OX2 line.

H,

Figure - 3 oenecting system using parallel horizontal plate


THANK YOU

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