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UNIT 5 Model

The document discusses various biochemical measurement techniques, including the function of buffer solutions in pH measurement, applications of SO2 monitoring, and differences between pCO2 and pH electrodes. It also covers the principles of measuring pO2, physiological mechanisms for maintaining blood pH, and methods used in blood cell counters and colorimetry. Additionally, it outlines non-invasive blood gas monitoring and provides insights into blood gas analyzers, calorimeters, sodium-potassium analyzers, spectrophotometers, and blood cell counters.

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40 views8 pages

UNIT 5 Model

The document discusses various biochemical measurement techniques, including the function of buffer solutions in pH measurement, applications of SO2 monitoring, and differences between pCO2 and pH electrodes. It also covers the principles of measuring pO2, physiological mechanisms for maintaining blood pH, and methods used in blood cell counters and colorimetry. Additionally, it outlines non-invasive blood gas monitoring and provides insights into blood gas analyzers, calorimeters, sodium-potassium analyzers, spectrophotometers, and blood cell counters.

Uploaded by

rameshannare12ramdasue
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 5

BIO – CHEMICAL
MEASUREMENT
PART A
1. What is the function of buffer solution in the pH measurement?
• pH = –log (H+)
• pH is thus a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, expressed logarithmically. Specifically, it is the
negative exponent (log) of the hydrogen ion concentration.
2. Mention the applications of SO2 monitoring.

(i) Oximetry is applied during the administration of anaesthesia, pulmonary function test,
bronchoscopy, intensive care, and oral surgery and in neonatal monitoring, sleep apnea studies
and aviation medicine.

(ii) Non-invasive oximetry is also used in the home for monitoring self administered oxygen therapy.

(iii) Can be used to determine when immediate therapeutic intervention is necessary.


3. Mention any two differences between pCO2 electrode and pH electrode.
• The emf generated by a pCO2 electrode is a direct logarithmic function of pCO2. It
is observed that a ten-fold change in pCO2 causes the potential to change by 58 ±
2 mV.
• The pH versus log pCO2 relationship is linear within ±0.002 pH unit from 1 to
100% carbon dioxide. Since 0.01 unit pH change corresponds to a 2.5% change in
pCO2 or 1 mmHg in 40 mmHg, for achieving an accuracy of 0.1 mmHg, it is
desirable to read 0.001 pH unit, i.e. a resolution of 60 μv. This order of accuracy
can be read only on a digital readout type pH meter or on an analog meter with
expanded scale.
• The instrument should have a very high degree of stability and a very low drift
amplifier. The input impedance of the electronic circuit must be at least 10 12Ω.
4. What is the basic principle involved in measurement of pO2
measurement.
The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood or plasma indicates the
extent of oxygen exchange between the lungs and the blood, and the
ability of the blood to adequately supply the body tissues with oxygen.
 The partial pressure of oxygen is usually measures with a
polarographic electrode (or Clark electrode). The partial pressure of
oxygen pO2, often called as oxygen tension.
5. Name the three physiological mechanisms involved when there is any tendency of the pH
of blood to deviate.
It is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H2CO3),
bicarbonate ion (HCO3), and carbon dioxide (CO2) that attempts to maintain the bloods Ph
6. What are the various parameters measured in the blood cell counter?

1. Hematocrit determination

2. Manual Method

3. Automatic Optical method

4. Electrical Conductivity (Coulter ) method


7.& 9 Write the principle involved in colorimeter., What is the principle used in
colorimeter analysis?
Principle: Many chemical compounds in solution appear colored. The saturation of the
color depends on the concentration of the compound. By analyzing the transmitted
light through the sample or emitted light by the sample, the concentration of the
substance can be determined.
8. What is colorimeter? State its uses.
Many chemical compounds in solution appear colored. The saturation of the color
depends on the concentration of the compound. By analyzing the transmitted light
through the sample or emitted light by the sample, the concentration of the substance
can be determined. Colorimeter is used to determine blood protein and iron levels. It
is used to measure the transmitted and absorbed light as it passes through a sample.
10. Draw the schematic diagram of auto analyzer.
PART B
Explain the non-invasive blood gas monitoring
(i) Transcutaneous arterial oxygen saturation monitoring (7)
(ii) Transcutaneous arterial oxygen tension (tcPO2) monitoring (6)

Discuss briefly about the blood gas analyzer to measure pH, pCO2 and pO2.
(13)

(i) Explain the working principle of Calorimeter with neat block diagram. (7)

(ii) Explain the working principle of sodium potassium analyzer. (6)

Explain the construction and working principle of spectrophotometer and flame photometer.
(13)

What is blood cell counter? Explain the various types of blood cell counter in detail.
(13)

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