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2.1 Elements of Basic Design

Chapter 2 discusses basic architectural design concepts, focusing on elements such as line, shape, form, value, color, space, and texture. It outlines principles of design including balance, proportion, rhythm, emphasis, harmony, unity, and variety, providing insights into how these elements and principles interact to create effective designs. The chapter also covers the design process, including schematic design and design development phases, with tasks for practical application.

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Tenaye Tena
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9 views52 pages

2.1 Elements of Basic Design

Chapter 2 discusses basic architectural design concepts, focusing on elements such as line, shape, form, value, color, space, and texture. It outlines principles of design including balance, proportion, rhythm, emphasis, harmony, unity, and variety, providing insights into how these elements and principles interact to create effective designs. The chapter also covers the design process, including schematic design and design development phases, with tasks for practical application.

Uploaded by

Tenaye Tena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter- 2

Basic architectural design


concepts
Elements of design
1. Line
2. Shape and Form
3. Value
4. Color
5. Space
6. Texture

Together to form a unified


composition,
1. Line
The most basic element of design is that of the line.
is a mark on a surface that describes a shape or
outline.
It can create texture and can be thick & thin,
smooth & jagged, organic & mechanical.
A. Horizontal lines
 These lines lead the movement to left or right
Suggests the ff. information;
• calm
• peace • restfulness
• gravity • gentleness
B. Vertical lines
These lines lead the movement to up or down
Suggests the ff. information;

• adding height
• Growth
• Strength
• spirituality

Conceptual Mosque Design


C. Diagonal lines
 These lines create a sense of speed.
 Suggests the ff. information
• action
• activity
• movement
• Excitement

B. Curved lines
Suggests the ff. information
a busy look
Freedom
natural
flow
softness
2.1 Shape
is a 2-dimensional line with no form or
thickness.
can be grouped into two categories,
1.Inorganic/geometric or mechanical
and Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus
Berlin, Germany
2.Organic or natural
2.2. Form
Is a 3-dimensional object having volume and
thickness.
Types
a)Organic - natural, living.
b)Inorganic/ geometric - man made, non
living

3. Value
The relative lightness or darkness of a color
Methods
Shade – Degree of darkness of a color
Tint – A pale or faint variation of a color
4. Color
Color refers to specific hues
has 3 properties;
Chroma, Intensity and Value.
The range of the values can be changed by adding white to lighten or
tint a color. Adding black will create a shade of the original color which will
appear darker.
Intensity- power of attraction and beauty to the viewer
Contrast is the extreme changes between values.
5. Space
A place required to perform different
tasks.
Types
a)Positive space –filled space for
objects/elements
b)Negative space –empty/open
space b/n objects as background
6. Texture
• It is the degree of roughness or smoothness in objects.
Types
a)Visual texture(implied) –surface quality which can be seen but not felt
b)Actual texture(tactile) –quality of surface which can both seen and feel
2.2 Principles of design
are directions or guidelines for using the elements of design.
a) Balance
b) Proportion
c) Rhythm
d) Variety
e) Emphasis
f) Harmony and
g) Unity
A. BALANCE
• A sense of equilibrium.
– When establishing balance consider
actual or visual weight created by size,
color, texture and number of objects.
Types
a)Formal balance/symmetrical
b)Asymmetrical/Informal balance or visual
balance
c)Radial balance
TYPES OF BALANCE
A. Symmetrical
. Achieved by placing identical objects on either side of a central point.
• Creates a quiet, restful feeling.
• Suggests restraint, orderliness, formality.
• Also called, FORMAL balance.

The Taj Mahal Mausoleum


Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Vertical Balance
The top and bottom parts are equal.
Horizontal Balance

The parts on the left and right sides are equal.

Building façade
Limberg, Germany

Chi Lin Buddhist Temple and Nunnery


Kowloon City, Hong Kong
B. Asymmetrical

Achieved by placing different objects of equal visual


weight on either side of a central point.
Creates more interesting arrangements.
Suggests informality, relaxed.
Also referred to as INFORMAL balance.
C. Radial Balance
• Radial Balance involves having furnishings or patterns arranged in a
circular manner.
• Radiation creates a sweeping, dramatic, circular motion in a room.

Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II


Milan, Italy
Architect: Giuseppe Mengoni
2. SCALE & PROPORTION
• Scale relates to the size of a design in relation to the height and width of the area
in which it is placed.
• Proportion relates to the parts of the object and how one part relates to another.
3. Rhythm
• Leads the eye from one point to another, creates
motion.
Types;
a) Rhythm by Repetition- Rhythm created by duplicating (repeating)
shapes, colors, pattern, line, texture.

a) Rhythm by Gradation- Rhythm created by a gradual change in size


or color. Paint on wall changes gradually in value.
c). Rhythm By Radiation
Rhythm created by identical objects coming from a
central axis.

d).Rhythm By Opposition

Contrasting black and white tiles the lines


intersecting at right angles.

e). Rhythm By Transition

Rhythm created by curved lines that carry your eye


across a straight surface.
Regular Rhythm

An element is repeated at the same


repetition/interval each time.

Cube house design


Rotterdam, Netherlands
Rhythm
Random Rhythm

The beats of the element are random


or are at irregular intervals.
Rhythm
Gradated Rhythm

The repeated element is identical with the


exception of one detail increasing or decreasing
gradually with each repetition.

English Gardens Munich, Germany The Chinese Tower


4. EMPHASIS
The center or focus of attention and interest within a
design
 The feature that commands attention and
makes a design visually interesting.

Ceiling mosaic in Park


Gruell

Mosque - Egypt
5. Harmony
• Is achieved when unity and variety are
effectively combined.
• Harmony is what you get when all
the pieces work together.
– Carrying variety too far creates
confusion.
– Harmony can be achieved by; Unity
and Variety
6. UNITY
• Unity occurs when all the parts of
a home or room are related by
one idea.

• A unified design has consistency


of style
7. VARIETY

• When two or more different elements of


design are used to add interest to a design.
• Variety can be achieved by combining
different styles and materials, as long as they
are compatible.
To be continued……
2.3 Basic Architectural Design
Concepts
Process of Design

What are the basic processes


of Design?
Appearance of the building (schematic diagram)
…….. Schematic Design
The typical documentation developed by the end of this
phase includes
1.Site plan
2.All floor plans
3.All exterior elevations
4.Building sections of critical areas
The final step in this phase is to obtain formal client
approval of the provided documents.

43
Volumetric study
by sketch
Volumetric study
by model
Design Development
• During this phase the design is refined in to clear, coordinated set of
drawings covering all aspects of the design.
• The set of drawings typically includes
Fully developed floor plan
Exterior elevations
Building sections
Fully developed site plan
• In this phase most of the work is performed by the architect because
almost all of the work is design oriented.
47
Final Working drawing
Assignment - 1
Task 1
#1. Prepare a plan for a studio type bed room (for a start)
Use A4 PAPER - individual
#2. Preparation for your final project (Literature review writing)
Requirements
1.Refer what includes from the note
2.Do this to proceed to the next step in the process of design
3.Include short and precise information only
4.Only 12 -15 pages
5. Use A4 PAPER
6. complete in group (4 members)
#3. Prepare a program development

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