DIVISION CAPABILITY BUILDING

ON EVALUATING CLASSROOM-
BASED ACTION/BASIC RESEARCH
 SESSION 4:

STATING THE PROBLEM

Research Problem Statement

Where does it all begin?

Stating the PROBLEM

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement
ACTION RESEARCH PROBLEM
- Greek word “Probaloin”

- A situation for which there is no ready or successful response as

of the moment.

A. Sources of Problems
1. Field of specialization
2. Academic or professional encounters
3. Collateral reading
a. Extensive reading – covers a range of topics for setting
background purposes
b. Intensive Reading – covers selected themes for in depth,
analytical or evaluative purposes.
4. Existing practices
5. Published/unpublished research reports

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement
Start with what you observed or a
problem, then develop a question.
• Statement/Observation: Students do not seem to be engaged during
classroom discussion
– Questions: How can I improve their engagement ?

• Statement. Observation: Students take a lot of time to learn problem

solving in mathematics, but this process doesn’t appear to transfer to
their acquisition of other mathematics skills and knowledge
– Question: How can I improve the integration and transfer of
problem-solving skills in mathematics?

• Statement/Observation: Teachers in ENSCIEMA seem to have difficulty

in transferring the learning through PBL and Inquiry approaches.
– Question: How can I improve the teaching approach?
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement
• The problem statement sets the direction of the study. It is the
verbalization of the “question” which the study proposes to
answer.

• This is divided into the main problem and the subsidiary

problems.

• These can be stated in declarative (infinitive) or interrogative

(question) form.

• The main problem is the whole focus of the study. This is reflected
in the title of the study.

• The sub problems are the break down of the main variables into
their components. When the answers to the sub-problems are put
together, they answer the main question.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement

• Research Problem Title

 does away with “when,” “a study of,” “an
investigation of,” “a research on”, “an analysis
of”

– meticulously devised phrase that

– conveys the topic (variable) and
– population of interest (preferably
not more than 15 words)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement
Structure: ▪ general statement of aim(s) or objective(s) containing variable / phenomenon
measured, environment and time
▪ specific questions

Research Designs Sample Verbs

Descriptive Research ---------------- describe, analyze, determine, illustrate

Exploratory Research ----------------- explore, examine, investigate

Experimental Research --------------- determine the effects, examine difference,

compare the results, analyze the effect
Action Research ------------------ develop, propose, suggest, recommend,
determine alternative approaches,
identify solutions, formulate policy

Comparative Research -------------- compare, determine similarities, difference

Correlational Research --------------- determine (positive , negative) correlation

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement
Hypothesis – scholarly guess
Two types:
a. Substantive hypothesis
b. Statistical Hypothesis

Guidelines:
1. it must be identical to the problem\
2. it must have a direct relation to at least one subsidiary problem
3. it must actually be tested by the research to determine its
workability

Examples: Hypotheses

Null Hypothesis 1. There is no significant difference in the inhibitory

effect of the USPF local flora extracts to the species of dysenteric bacilli?

Null Hypothesis 2. There is no significant difference in the susceptibility rate

of the species of dysenteric bacilli to the USPF local flora extracts.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement

Variables – Characteristics or property whereby the members of the group

set differ from one another.

A. Independent Variables – “X variable or Response Variable”

- Characteristics or condition that is introduced, removed or
manipulated to cause a change in the dependent variable that is to be
observed or measured.
- Predictor of Input

B. Dependent Variable – “Y variable or Outcome Variable”

- Characteristics or condition that is observed and measured to find
out how the independent variable affects it.
- (Outcome or attitude variable)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement
Verbose:
• The Effects of Computer-Assisted
Instruction on the Writing Skills of Third
Year High School Students of Holy Name
University, School Year 2008-2009.

Brief: Effects of Computer- Assisted

Instruction on Writing Skills

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement

Wordy: A Study on Maternal Role

Identity of Primiparas of the
Municipality of Corella, Year 2004-2005

Improved: Maternal Role Identity of

Primiparas

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement

Wordy: A Study on the Evaluation of the

Implementation of Dynamic Learning Program in
the First District of the Division of Bohol

Improved: Implementation of
Dynamic Learning Program

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement
Example of Statement of the Problem (infinitive)

THE PROBLEM
Rubrics for Assessing Performance-based Activities in Language and
Literature.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to develop and evaluate rubrics for assessing

performance-based activities in Language and Literature.
Specifically, this study seeks to:
1. establish a set of criteria to be used in developing rubrics for
assessing performance–based activities in Language and Literature
classes;
2. design scoring systems for the use of these rubrics;
3. evaluate the practicality of these rubrics from the perspective of
students, teachers, department chair and experts;

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement

4. determine the degree of validity and reliability of the rubrics

tested in Language and Literature classes in the following
activities:
4.1 News casting
4.2 Readers Theater
4.3 Role Play
4.4 Improvisation
4.5 Storytelling
4.6 Telephone Communication
4.7 Oral Paraphrasing
4.8 Socialized recitation
5. develop a manual of rubrics for performance-based activities
in Language and Literature classes along with teacher’s guide
for its use.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement
Example of Statement of the Problem (Interrogative)
Effects of School- Based Feeding Program On Pupils’ Nutritional Status
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem
The main thrust of this study is to determine the effects of the feeding program to
pupils’ nutritional status among Grade 1 pupils of Cabanugan Elementary School , San Isidro
Bohol, School Year 2016-2017.
Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions.
1. What is the profile of the nutritional status of the Grade 1 pupils of Cabanugan
Elementary School before and after the implementation of feeding program?
2. Is there a significant difference of the nutritional status of grade 1 pupils as grouped by
gender?
3. Is there a significant difference of nutritional status of the grade 1 pupils before and after
implementation of the feeding program?
4. What recommendations can be proposed to enhance the implementation of the school-
based feeding program?

. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement
Self Test :Identify the variables in the following titles and
tell whether such variable is independent or
dependent:

1. Relationship between age and academic

performance
2. Correlation between leadership skills and
educational qualifications
3. The effects of light to the growth of mongo
seeds.
4. Instructional media in relation to scores in
quizzes

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement
Self Test :Identify the variables in the following titles
and tell whether such variable is independent or
dependent:

5. Effects of attitude to grades in

Math
6. Socio-economic status in relation
to attendance in classroom
7. Teacher’s competence and
passing rate of students

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
RESEARCH AGENDA THEMES

DO 39, s. 2016
Basic Education Research Agenda
FOUR (4) Themes
TEACHING AND LEARNING

CHILD PROTECTION

HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT

GOVERNANCE
RESEARCH AGENDA THEMES
FIVE SUB-THEMES
Research Theme and Question

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Research Theme and Question

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Research Theme and Question

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Research Theme and Question

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
RESEARCH AGENDA THEMES
RESEARCH AGENDA THEMES
RESEARCH AGENDA THEMES
THREE SUB-THEMES
RESEARCH AGENDA THEMES
RESEARCH AGENDA THEMES
RESEARCH AGENDA THEMES
RESEARCH AGENDA THEMES
FIVE SUB-THEMES
RESEARCH AGENDA THEMES
RESEARCH AGENDA THEMES
RESEARCH AGENDA THEMES
RESEARCH AGENDA THEMES
Individual Work: Make a title, statement of the problem,
sub-problems and hypothesis based on the case study.

Case: Juan, a 3rd year high school student of a school in DepEd LLC. He is a repeater of the same year
level. Juan admitted in a casual talk that the reason for his poor performance is he has a low I.Q. and too
old to learn the class (at the age of 17). On the other hand, three of his teachers shared that Juan has a
problem on punctuality and attendance. His classmates reinforced that he is also being bullied at times
which could be a reason for his low self –esteem. In a home visit session, it was found out that Juan
received no financial and social support form his parents as he grow up with his Lola. Based on further
investigations, there were more than 20 students with the same profile of Juan in the school. As a
researcher, you would like to conduct an Action research on correlation of variables and create an
intervention plan; or you would want to try a remedial program (tutoring or modular) experimental.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Research Problem Statement

• AR Title: _______________________________
• Guide Questions:
1. What is the most pressing problem in your
school?
2.Who are the people involved?
3. What do you intend to do to resolve the issue?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 SHS IMPLEMENTATION

Daghang Salamat!
Doing MORE with LESS…
By Dr. J
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION