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The document provides an overview of measurement techniques in physics, focusing on length, volume, time, and density. It includes methods for measuring straight lengths, thickness, and volumes of both regular and irregular shapes, as well as the use of timing devices. Additionally, it explains the concept of density and provides formulas and examples for calculating density in various scenarios.

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Derek Stone
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25 views34 pages

c1 Editable Lower Quality

The document provides an overview of measurement techniques in physics, focusing on length, volume, time, and density. It includes methods for measuring straight lengths, thickness, and volumes of both regular and irregular shapes, as well as the use of timing devices. Additionally, it explains the concept of density and provides formulas and examples for calculating density in various scenarios.

Uploaded by

Derek Stone
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

MAKING

MEASUREMENTS
CHAPTER 1

IGCSE PHYSICS
(2023-2025)
MEASUREMENT

Length Volume

Time Densit
y
MEASUREMENT

Length Volume

Time Densit
y
MEASURING LENGTH

1. In the laboratory, lengths are often measured using a


ruler.
2. It is important to think critically about the
measurements you make, however straightforward they
seem to be.
EXAMPLE 1: MEASURING THE LENGTH OF A PIECE OF
WIRE

• The wire must be straight.


• The wire must line up against the 0
on the scale.
• The ruler used must be properly
PRECAUTIONS calibrated.
EXAMPLE 2: MEASURING THE THICKNESS OF A SHEET OF PAPER

METHOD

1. Take a stack of 500


sheets and measure its
thickness with a ruler.
2. Then, divide by 500
to take the thickness of
one sheet.
cm
?
EXAMPLE 3: MEASURING THE LENGTH OF A CURVE LINE

how
long is
this?
1.Lay a thread on the
line.

2. Mark the thread at


either end of the line
and then lay it along a
ruler to find the length.
SI UNIT FOR LENGTH

1 decimetre (dm) = 0.1m


International
System of 1 centimetre (cm) = 0.01m
Units
1 millimetre (mm) = 0.001m

1 micrometre (μm) = 0.000001m

1 kilometre (km) = 1000m


PY Q
PY Q
MEASUREMENT

Length Volume

Time Densit
y
Measuring the volume of regular shapes

Often, we just need to take one or two measurements of


the shape property (radius, height) and look up the
equation for volume.
Measuring the volume of Irregular shapes

The technique used to measure irregular


shapes is called displacement.

Select a measuring Immerse the object in the


cylinder that is larger water.
than the object.

Partially fill it with The increase in volume is


water. Note the equal to the volume of the
volume of the object.
water.
Measuring the volume of liquid

Measuring cylinder is used.

Note: Use a small size measuring cylinder to


measure small volume.
SI UNIT FOR VOLUME

3
International 1 cubic = 0.000001 m
System of centimetre
Units (cm3)

1 cubic = 0.001 m
3

decimetre
(dm )
3
MEASUREMENT

Length Volume

Time Densit
y
Measuring time

In the laboratory, you might need to record the


temperature of a container of water every minute or find
out how long an electric current is flowing.
Measuring time
There are 2 types of timing device:

Analogue clock Digital clock


• It can be used to measure • More accurate than
time intervals to no better analogue clock
than the nearest second
Measuring time using a lab pendulum
1. The time for one oscillation of a pendulum is called its period.
2. As a pendulum swings at a steady rate, you can use a stopwatch
to measure the time for a large number of oscillations and calculate
the average time per oscillation.
3. Any inaccuracy in the time at which the stopwatch is started and
stopped will be much less significant if you measure the total time
for a large number of oscillations.
PY Q
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MEASUREMENT

Length Volume

Time Densit
y
Measuring Density

The mass of an object is the quantity of matter it is made


of.
The density tells us how concentrated an object’s mass is.

Dense Less Dense


Formula of density

mass
density
=
(m)
volume
(v)
Density unit
Unit of Unit of Unit of
density
Density of water
mass volume
3 3 3
g cm g cm 1 g cm

3 3 3
kg cm kg cm kg cm
3 3 3
kg m kg m 1000kg m

Density Implication
1. If an object is denser than water,
then it will sink.
2. If an object is less dense than
water, then it will float.
Worked Example (1)

A sample of ethanol has a


3
volume of 240 cm . Its mass
is found to be 190.0g. What is solution:
the density of ethanol?
mass
density
= (m)
volume
(v)
190g
= 3
240cm
3
= 0.792 g cm
Worked Example (2)

A box full of 35 matches


3 has
a mass of 6.77g. The box
itself has a mass of 3.37g. a. What is the mass of one
match in grams?
mass of 35 matches =
6.77g - 3.37g = 3.4 g

mass of 1 match =
3.4g / 35 = 0.097 g
Worked Example (2)

A box full of 35 matches


3 has
a mass of 6.77g. The box
3
itself has a mass of 3.37g. b. What is the volume (in cm ) of each
match. A match has a dimension of 42mm
x 2.3mm x 2.3mm?

Before calculating, convert mm to cm:

4.2cm x 0.23 cm x 0.23 cm


3
= 0.222 cm
Worked Example (2)

A box full of 35 matches


3 has
a mass of 6.77g. The box
itself has a mass of 3.37g. c. What is the density of the matches?

mass
density
= (m)
volume
(v)
0.097g
= 3
0.222cm
3

3
= 0.437 g cm
Finding the density of liquid
1. Place a measuring cylinder on a balance.
2. Set the balance to zero.
3. Pour liquid into the cylinder.
4. Read the volume from the scale on the cylinder. Read the
balance reading for mass.
5. Calculate the density of the liquid using the density formula.
PY Q
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