ART APPRECIATION

Art History and

Development
ARTS HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT:
MANNERISM, BAROQUE, ROMANTICISM, MODERN AND
CONTEMPORARY ART
 LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Understand and identify the underlying history,
philosophy, psychology, and cultural impact of the
different art movements
2. Understand the various art movements by
classifying their distinct characteristics such as
subject of art, style, elements, medium, design,
historical background, influential persons, socio-
political issues, and prevalent artists;
3. Create a timeline about the history of art and the
art movements; and
4. Cite the significant characteristics of artworks
 Time Frame, Prominent artist, Style
and Movement
Time Frame Prominent Artist Style Movement

Mannerism 16th century Andrea del Sarto, Jacopo da Characterized by unusual Mannerism Period
Italian Art Pontormo, and Michelangelo effects of scale, lighting, and
Buonarotti perspective, and the use of
bright, often lurid colors.

Baroque 17th & 18th Gian Lorenzo Benini, Characterized by highly Baroque Period
century art Michelangelo di Caravaggio, ornate detail and extravagant
and Peter Paul Rubens in style. Chiaroscuro and
Tenebrism became known in
this period

Romanticism 18th century art Eugene Delacroix, and Characterized the Romanticism
Francisco de Goya Enlightenment, which Period
emphasized inspiration,
subjectivity, and the primacy
of the individual. Often
contrasted with Classicism.
 Time Frame, Prominent artist, Style
and Movement
Time frame Prominent Artist Style Movement

Modern Arts Edourd Manet, Paul Characterized by Impressionism, Post-

Cezanne, Pablo various styles and Impressionism,
Picasso, George techniques in Fauvism, Pointillism,
Seurat, Vincent Van presenting the subject Expressionism,
Gogh, Joan Miro and of the artworks. Cubism, Futurism,
From Impressionism to
others the existence of Surrealism and
Surrealism to the others
post contemporary
arts

Contemporary Arts Andy Warhol, Jasper Characterized by various Pop Art, Word Art,
Johns, Joseph Beuys styles and techniques Conceptual Art,
and others which are adapted from Performance Art and
the modern arts or may others
be an exaggeration of it.
Mannerism Arts
refers to the period of European arts that emerged from the later years
of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520 and lasted until about 1580
specifically in Italy.
This 16th century period of arts were characterized by unusual effects of
scale, lighting, perspective, and the use of bright, often lurid colors.
Andrea del Sarto, Jacopo da Pontormo, and Rosso Fiorentino were
acknowledge as the Early Florencian Mannerists and Michelangelo
Buonarotti
 Madonna of the Harpies (1517) by Andrea del
Sarto, was one of his major contribution to
High Renaissance arts. Andrea del Sarto was
born in Andrea d’Agnolo on July 16, 1486.
 He was an Italian painter from Florence whose
career flourished during the High Renaissance
and Early Mannerism.
 Similarly, his works in Florence were the fresco
cycles in the church of Santa Annunziata and
the series of grisalles in the cloister of the
Scalzi (1511-26). As a Florence mannerist, he
was considered as senza errori (without
errors).
 Visitation of the Virgin and Saint Elizabeth (1514-
16) by Jacopo da Pontormo. This early work (left
photo) of Pontomo depicts the influence of the
Renaissance artist like his master, Andrea del
Sarto which underscores the solidity of the figures,
the simplicity of their gestures, and the variety of
poses.
 However, the unusual effects of scale, lighting,
perspective, and the use of bright, often lurid
colors are observed in his painting which are
distinct identity of the mannerist painters. Jacopo
da Pontormo was born on May 24, 1494 in
Pontorme, Republic of Florence.
Pieta by Rosso Fiorentino.
 Rosso’s Pieta is more detail as compare to
La Pieta (sculpture) of Michelangelo.
 In this Pieta, Jesus Christ as the emphasis
was presented naked and rested on the
cushion. Mary, the mother of Jesus,
expressed a feelings of melancholy and
fainting fit.
 Giovanni Battista di Jacopo known as Rosso
Fiorentino was on March 8, 1495 in
Florence, Italy.
Baroque Arts
Baroque Arts refers to the period of European
arts of the 17th and 18th centuries that follows
mannerism and it is distinct with ornate detail.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Versailles are the
leading figure and renowned architects in the
emergence of Roman Baroque architecture
Michelangelo Caravaggio and Sir Peter Paul
Rubens are considered important baroque
artists.
Ecstasy of St. Therese (1647-52) and The Rape of
Proserpina (1621-22) by Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
The calling of Saint mary ( 1599-1600) and Judith
beheading Holofomes (1638-39)
by Michelangelo caravaggio
Romanticism Arts

Romanticism Arts was an art movement originated in the

late 18th century that emphasized inspiration,
subjectivity, and the primacy of individual.
It was a reaction against the order and restraint of
classicism and neoclassicism, and a rejection of the
rationalism.
Romanticism incorporates the struggles for freedom and
equality and the promotion of justice as spurred by the
idealism of French Revolution.
Titanian and Bottom (c.1790) and
The Shepherd’s Dream (1793) by
Henry Fuseli. He was one of the
prominent figures of the
Romantic movement who was
born on February 7, 1741 in
Zurich, Switzerland
Cha Charles IV of Spain and
His Family (1800) and The
Third of May (1814) by
Francisco Goya.
Modern and Contemporary Arts

The Avant-Garde (aväntˈɡärd) originated from the

French word, advance guard or vanguard and it was
originally used by French military to refer to a small
reconnoitre group which later associated to left-wing by
the French radicals.
At the end of the 19th century, the term is used to
connote to the idea that art is an instrument for social
change and this aligns the term to cultural and aesthetic
issues.
Presently, the term, avant-garde refers to new and
unusual or experimental ideas especially in arts.
 Modern Arts
Movement/style Year started Movement/style Year Started

Impressionism 1870 to 1900 Futurism 1909 to 1918

Post-Impressionism 1880 to 1920 Abstract Arts 1910 -

Symbolism 1880 to 1910 1910 1916 to 1923

Fauvism 1905 to 1908 Precisionism 1915 to 1945
Expressionism 1905 to 1925 Surrealism 1920 –
Art Deco 1920 to 1935

Cubism 1908 to 1920 Pop Arts 1956 to 1960

Impressionism
Impressionism – a style or movement in painting
originating in France in the 1860s, characterized by
a concern with depicting the visual impression of the
moment, especially in term of the shifting effect of
light and color
Impressionism (Impressionist painters) –
repudiated both the precise academic style and the
emotional concerns of Romanticism, and their
interest in objective representation, especially of
landscape
 Pointillism
Pointillism – a technique of neo-
impressionist painting using tiny dots of
various pure colors, which become
blended in the viewer’s eye
Pointillism – was developed by George
Seurat with the aim of producing a greater
degree of luminosity and brilliance of color
 Expressionism
Expressionism – a style of painting, music, or drama
in which the artist or writer seeks to express emotional
experience rather impressions of the external world
Expressionism – characteristically rejects traditional
ideas of beauty or harmony, use of distortion,
exaggeration, and other non-naturalistic devices in
order to emphasize and express the inner world of
emotion
Expressionism – emphasized and insisted on the
primacy of the artist’s feelings and mood, which often
incorporating violence and grotesque (shocking)
 Fauvism
Fauvism – from French fauvisme (fauve)
refers to a wild beast
Fauvism – as a term or name was
originated from the remark of the French art
critic, Louis Vauxcelles at the Salon of 1905
Fauvism – a style of painting with vivid
expressionistic and non-naturalistic use of
color that flourished in Paris from 1905
 Olympia (1865) by Edouard Manet.
The Spanish Singer (1860) by Edouard tMane
Cubism
Cubism – an early 20th century style
and movement in the field of visual arts,
especially in painting.
Cubism emphasizes the use of simple
geometric shapes, interlocking planes,
and later, collage
Cubism is a reaction against the
traditional modes of representation and
impressionist concerns with light and
color
 Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) by
Pablo Picasso.

 This painting is considered as the most

and classic renowned example of cubism
art which likewise depicts Picasso’s style
in presenting the subject. As observed,
Picasso painting is a fusion of distortion
and and African art.
Futurism

Futurism – an artistic movement begun in Italy in

1909 that violently rejected traditional forms which
emphasized and incorporated into art like energy
and the dynamism of modern technology
Futurism (1909) - launched by Filippo Marinetti
(Italian poet and playwright who exalted technology;
glorified war; and demanded revolution in the arts).
Ended in in 1918 but became widely influential,
particularly in Russia on figures like Kazimir
Severinovich Malevich and Vladimir Vladimirovich
Mayakovsky
 Dadaism
Dadaism – an early 20th century international movement in
art, literature, music, and film, repudiating and mocking artistic
and social conventions and emphasizing the illogical and
absurd and favored montage, collage, and the ready-made
Dadaism – from French Dada, literally means hobbyhorse
(rocking horse) and was launched in
Zurich in 1916 by Tristan Tzara (French poet and one of the
founders of the Dada movement) and others which soon
merged with similar group in New York
Leading figures: Jean Arp; Andre Breton; Max Ernst; Man
Ray; and Marcel Duchamp
Surrealism
a 20th century avant-garde movement in art
and literature that sought to release the
creative potential of the unconscious mind (like
the irrational juxtaposition of images)
Surrealism grows out of symbolism and
dadaism, and was strongly influenced by
Sigmund Freud
was launched in 1924 by a manifesto of Andre
Breton and having a strong political content
The Portuguese (1911) by George Braque.

Alongside with Pablo Picasso, George Braque

is considered as one of the pioneering artist in
terms of cubism. His style is a combination of
abstraction and distortion that create his own
style in cubism. This painting is one of his
works that marks interesting point in the
development of his style.
 Contemporary Arts

Pop Art is both modernist and contemporary art which is based on

modern popular culture and mass media, especially as a critic or ironic
comment on traditional fine arts values
It started out by depicting a more up-to-date reality, using images of film-
stars and other celebrities, as well as mass-made consumer goods. But
this was rapidly eclipsed by an increasing post-modern focus on impact
and style
 Contemporary Arts

Word Art is brand new form of painting or

sculpture which used text-based imagery.
It associated with artist like: Robert
Indiana; Jasper Johns; On Kawara;
Barbara Kruger; and Christopher Wool
Jasper Johns – a US painter, sculptor, and
printmaker. A key figure in the
development of pop art who depicted
commonplace and universally recognized
images.
Contemporary Arts

Conceptual art is postmodernist art

movement founded on the principle that
art is a concept rather than a material
object (Dada arts/ Marcel Duchamp)

Art in which the idea presented by the

artist is considered more important than
the finished product (essential
component)
Loopy Doopy (1999) by Sol LeWitt. This
painting is one of the many abstract line Subway (1956) by Alla Kaprow.
paintings of Sol LeWitt. As an iconic artist,
he is renowned for establishing the
Minimalism and Conceptual Art
 Contemporary Arts

Performance art emerges from America and

Europe, an experimental art form inspired by
conceptual art as well as dada, futurism, the
Bauhaus, and Black Mountain College (America)
It is an art form that combines visual art with
dramatic performance. It includes events and
happenings by visual artist, poets, musicians, film
makers, video artist, and others.

This art is associated with the genre of: Alla

Kaprow (pioneer); Yves Klein; Joseph Beuys and
Nam June Paik