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OOP Concepts

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes code around objects, promoting reusability and modeling real-world relationships. Key concepts of OOP include classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction, which enhance code organization and maintainability. OOP is particularly beneficial for managing large projects and simplifying complex systems.

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12 views11 pages

OOP Concepts

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes code around objects, promoting reusability and modeling real-world relationships. Key concepts of OOP include classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction, which enhance code organization and maintainability. OOP is particularly beneficial for managing large projects and simplifying complex systems.

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An Introduction to OOPS

(Object Oriented Programming Systems)


INTRODUCTION
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the
concept of objects. OOP helps organize code, promotes reusability, and models real-
world relationships effectively.

 Code organizing is more effective in OOP than in traditional procedural programming.

 Multiple objects of the same class uses same code and thus promotes code
reusability.

 In OOP, every real-world entity is imagined as an object.


PROCEDURAL VS OOP
 Procedural programming is based on structured programming (functions based)

 Object Oriented programming is based on objects and their interaction through


methods.

While procedural programming focuses on functions and lacks data hiding, OOP
emphasizes objects, encapsulation, and better organization of code. OOP is particularly
useful for managing large projects and modeling real-world scenarios.
OOP CONCEPTS
 Class

 Object

 Encapsulation

 Inheritance

 Polymorphism

 Abstraction
C L A SS
A class is a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines the structure (attributes) and
behavior (methods) that objects of that class will have. Think of a class as a cookie cutter, and objects
as the cookies you cut out using that shape.

What’s Inside a Class?:

A class contains two main things:

Attributes (Properties): These are like the characteristics or properties of an object. For a
house, attributes could be things like the number of rooms, color, and size.

Methods (Functions): These are like the actions the object can perform. For a house,
methods could include opening doors, turning on lights, or playing music.

So, a class bundles together both data (attributes) and actions (methods).
OBJECT
Object is an instance of a class. In OOP, an object is like one of those real-world
items. It’s a self-contained unit that combines both data (attributes) and behavior
(actions).

 Objects are created based on classes. A class is like a blueprint that defines what an
object should look like and what it can do.

 OOP promotes reusability. Once you define a class, you can create as many objects
as needed.

 Classes provide the rules for creating these objects, ensuring consistency and
organization in your code.
E N C A P S U L AT I O N
Encapsulation involves bundling data (attributes or fields) and the methods
(functions) that operate on that data within a single unit, known as a class.
Encapsulation allows you to hide the internal state of an object from the outside world.

Encapsulation promotes modularity by bundling related data and functionality into a


single unit (class). This helps in organizing and managing complex systems, as each
class encapsulates a specific set of behaviors and properties, making the codebase
more modular and easier to maintain.

Encapsulation enhances security by hiding sensitive data and exposing only essential
interfaces for interaction. This prevents external code from directly manipulating
internal state, reducing the risk of unauthorized access or unintended side effects.
I N H E R I TA N C E
Inheritance is a fundamental concept in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
that allows a new class (subclass) to inherit properties and behavior (methods) from an
existing class (superclass). This enables code reuse and promotes the concept of
hierarchy in software design.

 The class that is being inherited from is called the superclass or base class.

 The class that inherits from the superclass is called the subclass or derived class.

 The subclass inherits attributes and methods from the superclass.

Inheritance simplifies code organization, promotes modularity, and enhances


maintainability.
P O LY M O R P H I S M
Polymorphism, a core concept in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), refers to
the ability of objects to take on multiple forms or behave differently based on their data
type or class. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common
superclass, providing flexibility and extensibility to the codebase.

Polymorphism simplifies code organization, enhances flexibility, and makes


your software more robust.
ABSTRACTION
Abstraction is a fundamental concept in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
that focuses on hiding the complex implementation details of a system and exposing
only the necessary functionalities or essential features to the outside world. It allows
programmers to focus on what an object does rather than how it does it, promoting
clarity, simplicity, and modularity in software design.

In layman's terms, abstraction in programming is like driving a car: you don't


need to understand all the complicated inner workings; you just interact with a
simplified interface to get things done.
T H A N K YO U

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