DNA

WHO DISCOVERED HOW IT WORK? FUTURE FORMED

IT?

STRUCTU IMPACT HISTORY ITEMS FROM

RE EXPERIENCE
Who discovered it?
Biography

DNA was discovered in 1869 by the

Swiss biochemist Johann Friedrich
Miescher, but the structure of the
DNA molecule was only uncovered in
1953 by Francis Crick (British
molecular biologist, biophysicist, and
neuroscientist), James Watson
(American molecular biologist,
geneticist, and zoologist), Maurice
Wilkins (New Zealand biophysicist),
and Rosalind Franklin (A Londoner
who, in addition to being a chemist,
holds a PhD from the University of
Cambridge).
How it works?

The main function of DNA

is to store genetic
information that is
essential for the
construction and
functioning of all living
organisms. DNA is like a
programmer that tells
cells how to make
proteins and controls
what happens inside
them (V)
Structure

In 1953, James Watson and

Francis Crick, together with
the crucial contribution of
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice
Wilkins, elucidated the
double-helix structure of DNA.
The structure of DNA is a
spiral-shaped molecule,
resembling a spiral staircase,
composed of two strands
that wrap around each other.
(N)
What is formed?

DNA has had a profound

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Relevance in history
DNA has had a profound impact on
various fields, from medicine to
forensic investigation, agriculture,
and evolution. It has been one of the
most significant discoveries in the
history of science, and its relevance
continues to grow with advances in
genetic technology. Some studies
are still ongoing today, further
Evolution and Anthropology: The
improving our understanding. (C)
study of DNA has provided important
insights into human evolution and the
relationship between different
populations and species. (I)
Understanding Genetic Diseases:
DNA is fundamental in understanding the
genetic causes of various diseases, which
is crucial for the development of effective
treatments. (V)
How did this discovery
impact humanity?

Therefore, the discovery of DNA

has had a transformative
impact on science, medicine,
and society as a whole, shaping
the way we understand life and
heredity.
1.Advances (N)
in Genetics:
2.Medicine and Diagnosis:
3.Molecular Biology:
4.Evolution and Anthropology:
5.Criminal Justice:
6.Biotechnology and Genetic
Engineering:
7.Ethics and Social Issues: (A)
What might come next

DNA manipulation may lead to profound

implications across various fields of science,
medicine, and technology.

Advanced Gene Therapy: Gene therapy is

already being used to treat hereditary
genetic diseases. In the future, it is
expected to enhance the effectiveness of
treatments for conditions like cancer,
genetic disorders, and chronic diseases.

Gene Editing: Gene editing techniques like

CRISPR-Cas9 are playing a significant role in
genetic research and potential therapies.

Study of Evolution and Human History: The

analysis of ancient DNA is revolutionizing
our understanding of human history. (I)
 Material
What each material does
Detergent: The detergent breaks down
to the cell for DNA
the lipid membrane surrounding the cells,
extraction releasing the cellular contents, including
the DNA.
Filtered Water: Water is used to dilute the
detergent and create the extraction
solution. It is important to use pure water
to avoid introducing impurities into the
process.
Table Salt: Salt helps precipitate the DNA,
causing it to clump together and become
more visible in the final step.
Ethyl Alcohol: Isopropyl alcohol is used to
precipitate the DNA. When added to the
solution, the alcohol creates an
environment where the DNA is not soluble,
causing it to clump together and rise to the
upper layer.
Strainer: Used to separate the liquid part
of the mixture from the solid part (banana
remnants) after maceration. (L)
EXPERIM
ENTE
Strawberry DNA
•2 mashed
strawberries
•Water, detergent,
and salt
•Mix the two
•Filter twice
•Add chilled 70%