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Q4 Week 2 3

The document provides an overview of hypothesis testing, including the identification of test statistics based on known or unknown population variance and the application of the Central Limit Theorem. It explains the rejection regions for one-tailed and two-tailed tests, along with critical values derived from z and t tables. Additionally, it includes examples and activities to illustrate the concepts of hypothesis testing in real-world scenarios.

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14 views42 pages

Q4 Week 2 3

The document provides an overview of hypothesis testing, including the identification of test statistics based on known or unknown population variance and the application of the Central Limit Theorem. It explains the rejection regions for one-tailed and two-tailed tests, along with critical values derived from z and t tables. Additionally, it includes examples and activities to illustrate the concepts of hypothesis testing in real-world scenarios.

Uploaded by

fordilonkim
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HYPOTHESIS

TESTING ON
POPULATION
Learning objectives

The learner
1. identifies the appropriate form of the test-
statistic when:
(a) the population variance is assumed to be known

(b) the population variance is assumed to be


unknown; and
(c) the Central Limit Theorem is to be used.
2. identifies the appropriate rejection region for a
given level of significance when:
2
(a) the population variance is assumed to be known
Word
scape
Let’s review! 

3
TICCRIAL
1 GIONRE
CRITICAL REGION
LFTE
TILEDA
2 ESTT
LEFT TAILED TEST
HITGR
TLEIDA
3 STET
RIGHT TAILED
TEST
HHIYPTO
4 SSE
HYPOTHESIS
TOSHHIYP
SE
5 TEINGST
HYPOTHESIS
TESTING
UNLL
SHOHTIYP
6 SE
NULL HYPOTHESIS
AIL
SHOHTIYP
7 SE
ALTERNATIVE
HYPOTHESIS
CENACIIFG
8 NSI LVELE
SIGNIFICANCE
LEVEL
NON-
REJECTION
REGION,
AND
CRITICAL
VALUES

12
For two-tailed tests:
⊹ There are two rejection regions which
are located on both sides of the
curve.
⊹ Each rejection region has an area of
α/2.
⊹ There are also two critical values
(one positive and one negative) 13
For two-tailed tests:
⊹ The z-critical values depend on the
significance level used in hypothesis
testing. These values are fixed and can be
derived from the z-table.
⊹ The t-critical values depend on the
significance level and the degrees of
freedom. These values can be obtained
from the t-table. 14
“

Significance
Z- Critical Values T- Critical Values
Level ( α )

0.05 z = ± 1.96 t = refer to t-table


crit crit

0.01 z = ± 2.58 t = refer to t-table


crit crit
15
For one-tailed tests:
⊹ There is only one rejection region for a one-
tailed test. If the test is left-tailed, the rejection
region is found on the left. If the test is right-
tailed, the rejection region is found on the right.
⊹ The rejection region has an area of α
(significance level).
⊹ The critical value is negative for a left-tailed
test, and positive for a right-tailed test.
16
For one-tailed tests:
⊹ The z-critical values depend on the significance
level used in hypothesis testing. These values
are fixed and can be derived from the z-table.
⊹ The t-critical values depend on the significance
level and the degrees of freedom. These values
can be obtained from the t-table.
⊹ (Formula: df = n – 1 where df – degrees of
freedom, n - sample size)
17
“

18
EXAMPLE
The school nurse claims that the average height of Gr 11 students has
increased. The average height of a Gr 11 students 2 years ago was 155 cm
with a standard deviation of 20 cm. She takes a random sample of 200
students and finds that the average height of her sample is 167 cm. Are
Grade 11 now taller than they were before? Conduct a single-tailed
hypothesis test using α = 0.05 significance level to evaluate the null and
STEP 1:
alternative hypotheses.
Null: The average height of the Gr 11 students is less than or equal to
165cm.
Ho: 155cm
Alternative: The average height of Gr 11 students is more than 165cm.
H1:
STEP155cm
2:
Type of Test: One-tailed Test (right tailed)
= 0.05
Zcrit: +1.65 (z test because the population S.D is given)
QUIZ # 1

FEBRUAR
QUIZ 1
A sociologist believes that it costs
more than
Php 90, 000 to raise a child from birth
to age one, with a standard deviation
of Php 4, 500. A random sample of 41
families, each with a child selected to
see if this figure is correct. The
average expenses for these families
21
QUIZ 1
A report states that the mean
monthly salary of a teacher is Php
22,000 a month with a standard
deviation of Php 3,000. A random
sample of the salaries of 81 teachers
showed a mean monthly salary of
Php 23, 500. Is there a significant
difference between the reported 22
Test
statistic
z/t
The two test statistics are z and t, but only
one should be used in hypothesis testing.

⊹ If the population standard deviation is


known or given, then we use z-test
⊹ If the population standard deviation is
unknown, but the sample standard
deviation (s) is given, then we use t-test.
Formulas

25
L METHOD
OF
HYPOTHESI
S TESTING
(WITH
KNOWN σ)

26
EXAMPLE
The school nurse claims that the average
height of Gr 11 students has increased. The
average height of a Gr 11 students 2 years
ago was 155 cm with a standard deviation of
20 cm. She takes a random sample of 200
students and finds that the average height of
her sample is 167 cm. Are Grade 11 now taller
than they were before? Conduct a single-tailed
hypothesis test using α = 0.05 significance
level to evaluate the null and alternative
OF
HYPOTHESI
S TESTING
(WITH
unKNOWN
σ)

31
If the population standard deviation
σ is unknown, but the sample
standard deviation s is given, then
t-test should be used. The same six
steps of traditional hypothesis
testing will be used. Instead of z,
we will compute the t – test statistic
and we will use the t – critical
values that can be obtained from 32
Formulas

33
EXAMPLE 2
The owner of a factory that sells a particular
bottled fruit juice. A consumer group claims
that the average capacity of the product is
less than 250 ml. The consumer group gets a
sample of 30 such bottles, calculates the
capacity of each bottle, and then finds the
mean capacity to be 248 ml. The sample
standard deviation is 5ml. Is the claim true?
Questio
ns? 
ACTIVI
TY
1. An ice2
dispenser gives out 8 ounces of ice
cream per serving. To determine whether the ice
dispenser is under control, a sample of 30
servings showed an average of 8.09 ounces with
a standard deviation of 0.62 ounces. Is there a
significant difference between the reported

ice cream per serving? Use 𝜶 =𝟎. 𝟎𝟏.


average and the sample mean of the amount of
37
ACTIVI
TY
2. 2 record shows that the mean weight
A hospital
of a newly born baby is 7 pounds, with a standard
deviation of 0.72 pounds. A researcher takes a
sample of 50 newly born babies and found them
to have a mean weight of 6.77 pounds.
Determine whether the average weight of the
newly born babies is 7 pounds at 0.05 level of
significance. 38
Hypothes
is testing
⊹ one of the most important
concepts in statistics. This
concept has many real-world
applications from medicine to e-
commerce.

39
⊹ The judiciary system in the
world follows a rule or assumes
that one is innocent until he is
proven guilty. Analogous to
that in the world of statistics,
the statisticians also do not
attempt or try to prove the
statement or hypothesis is
true. 40
Questio
ns? 
Thanks!

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