QII: AFRO-LATIN

AMERICAN AND POPULAR

MUSIC
 MUSIC OF AFRICA
Music has always been an important part of
the daily life of the African people, whether
for work, religion, ceremonies, or even
communication.
 MUSIC OF AFRICA
Singing, dancing, hand clapping and the
beating of the drums are essential to many
African ceremonies, including those for birth,
death, initiation, marriage, and funerals.
Music and dance are also important to
religious expression and political events.
 AFROBEAT
Afrobeat is a term used to
describe the fusion of West
African with Black-
American music.
AFROBEAT
 APALA/AKPALA
Apala is a musical genre from Nigeria in the
Yoruba tribal style, used to wake up the
worshippers after fasting during the Muslim
holy feast of Ramadan. Percussion
instrumentation includes the rattle (sekere),
thumb piano (agidigbo), bell (agogo), and two
or three talking drums.
 AXE
Axe is a popular musical genre
from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil.
It fuses the Afro-Caribbean styles
of the marcha, reggae, and
calypso, and is played by carnival
bands.
 JIT
Jit is a hard and fast percussive
Zimbabwean dance music
played on drums with guitar
accompaniment, influenced by
mbira-based guitar styles.
 JIVE
Jive is a popular for of South
African music featuring a lively
and uninhibited variation of the
jitterbug, a form of swing dance.
 JUJU
Juju is a popular music style from Nigeria
that relies on the traditional Yoruba
rhythms, where the instruments are more
Western in origin. A drum kit, keyboard,
pedal steel guitar, and accordion are used
along with the traditional dun-dun (talking
drum or squeeze drum).
 KWASSA KWASSA
Kwassa kwassa is a dance style
begun in Zaire in the late 1980s,
popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In
this dance style, the hips move back
and forth while the arms follow the
hip movements.
KWASSA KWASSA
LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
INFLUENCED
BY AFRICAN MUSIC
 REGGAE
Reggae is a Jamaican musical style that
was
strongly influenced by the island’s
traditional mento music, as well as by
calypso, African music, American Jazz,
rhythm and blues. One of reggae’s most
distinctive qualities is its off beat rhythm
and staccato chords.
REGGAE
REGGAE
 Salsa
Salsa music is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and
Colombian dance music. It comprises
various musical genres including Cuban
son monturo, guaracha, chachacha,
mambo, and bolero.
Salsa
Salsa-Chacha
Salsa-Mambo
 Samba
Samba is a Brazilian musical genre dance
style. Its roots can be traced to Africa via
the West African slave trade and African
religious traditions particularly in Angola
and the Congo. Samba is the basic
underlying rhythm that typifies most
Brazilian music.
 Samba
It has a lively and rhythmical beat with
three steps to every bar, making the
samba feel like timed dance. There is a
set of dances-rather than single dance-
that define the samba dancing scene in
Brazil. Thus, no dance can be claimed
with certainty as the “original” samba
style.
Samba
 Soca
Soca is also known as the “soul of
calypso”. It originated as a fusion of
calypso with Indian rhythm, thus
combining the musical traditions of the
two major ethnic groups of Trinidad and
Tobago. It is a modern Trinidadian and
Tobagonian pop music combining soul and
calypso music.
 Were
Were is Muslim music often performed as
a wake-up call for early breakfast and
prayers during Ramadan celebrations.
Relying on pre-arranged music, it fuses
the African and European music styles.
 Zouk
Zouk is fast, carnival-like rhythmic music,
from the Creole slang word for “party”. It
originated in the Caribbean Islands of
Guadaloupe and Martinique and was
popularized in the 1980’s.
Zouk
Vocal Forms of African Music
Maracatu
Maraccatu first surfaced in the African state of
Pernambuco combining strong rhythms of
African percussion instruments with Portugese
melodies. The maracatu group were called
nacoes (nations) who paraded with drumming
ensemble membering up to 100 , accompanied
by singer, a chorus and a coterie of dancers.
Maracatu
 Blues
The blues is a musical form of the late 19th
century that had deep roots in African-American
communities. The notes of the blues create an
expressive and soulful sound.
Noted performers of the blues genre are Ray
Charles, James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha
Franklin, and John Lee Hooker and among
others.
 Blues

Ray Charles
 Soul
Soul music was a popular musc genre of the
1950’s and 1960’s. It originated in the United
States, and combined elements of African-
American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and
often jazz. The catchy rhythms are accompanied
by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves
which are among its important features.
 Call and Response
The call and response method is a succession of
two distinct musical phrases usually rendered
by different musicians, where the second
phrase acts as direct commentary on or
response to the first.
Call and Response