THE scale

1. The Scale
A scale is a succession of tones
arranged in a regular order,
either ascending or
descending. The tones are
presented in the scale
2. The tone ladder
 3. Pitch
PITCH is the highness or lowness of a
musical sound. A tone is a musical
sound. The two notes below,
although of the same location. do not
have the same pitch.
 4. scale
Two kinds of Scales;
1. Diatonic Scale
2. Chromatic Scale
 Characteristics of a
Diatonic Scale
1. It is composed of 8 notes from the
keynote to the octave. Keynote is the
beginning of the scale. The other name
for a keynote is tonic. The tonic or
keynote can begin from any pitch.
Octave is the last note or end of the
scale. Octave means eighth.
 Characteristics of a
2. ThereDiatonic Scale
are no chromatic
modifications.
3. Mi and fa, ti and do are half-step or
semitones.
 5. interval
The difference in pitch between
two tones is called Interval. Re is
the 2nd interval of Do. Mi is the
3rd interval of Do; Sol is the 5th
interval of Do, etc.
 6. unison
When there is no difference in
pitch between two tones, it is
called Unison. The other name for
Unison is Prime.
 7. Chromatic signs
The Chromatic Signs: The Chromatic signs
area:
a. Sharp (#)
b. b. Flat (b) a. Double Sharp (##)
b. Double Flat (bb)
1. A sharp raises the pitch of the note a half step.
2. A flat lowers the pitch of a note one-half step.
 7. Chromatic signs
3. Half-step or Semitone is the smallest interval in
music. No note can be inserted between them.
You cannot insert a note between Mi and Fb, or
between Ti and Do. As stated earlier, they
consist the semitones
4. A Step in music consists of two semitones. In a
step, you can insert a note between them. The
steps in music are: Do-re, Re-mi, Fa-sol. Sol-la,
La-ti
 7. Chromatic signs
5. An Intermediate note is the note that is written
between two notes. It is modified either by a flat or
a sharps.
There are five inter- mediate notes ascending.
Di-intermediate note between Do and Re.
Ri-intermediate note between Re and Mi
Fi-intermediate note between Fa and Sol.
Si (sel)- intermediate note between Sol and La
Li-intermediate note between La and Ti.
 There are also five Intermediate Notes descending. They are
modified by flats.

Te-intermediate note between Ti and La

Le-intermediate note between La and Sol.
Se intermediate note between Sol and Fa.
Me-intermediate note between Mi and Re.
Re-intermediate note between Re and Do.
6. The Natural or Cancel ( ): 'The natural sign cancels
the effect of the sharp or the flat. The natural sign
brings
the note to its original pitch and original singing
name.
 8. Leger lines
Short lines placed below or above the
staff to show the pitch of notes that
cannot be contained in the staff are
called leger lines. The ordinary staff
of 5 lines can be increased by adding
lines when necessary.
9. Tones below the keynote
The tones below the tonic, or
the tones above No. 8, are
indicated by a short line below
the scale name.
 10. Tones above the
Octave means eighth. The higher Do
octave
(or No. 8 of the singing names is
called Octave. The tones above the
Octave, or the tones above the
higher Do (or No. 8), are indicated
by a short line above the scale
name.
 THE notes
and the rest
Notes
 Notes
Notes

Notes are characters used

on the staff as symbols of
a musical sound. A note
shows the length (or time
value) and pitch of tones.
 Notes
Notes
The length and pitch are the 2
qualities of notes. The length of a
musical sound depends upon the
time signature. The position or
location of a note on the staff
determines the pitch of that note. A
higher note has a higher pitch than a
note located on the line or space
Parts of a
Notes
 Notes
Parts of a Notes
a. Head - (1) Open Note head---
- (2) Closed Note head--
b. Stem is a vertical line written at
the left or right side of a
notehead.

c. Hook a short line written at the

end of a stem, also called flag
kinds of
Notes
 Notes
kinds of a Notes
 Whole Note- an open notehead.
 Half Note – open notehead with a stem
 Quarter Note - closed notehead with a
stem
 Eighth Note - closed notehead with a stem
and one hook or flag.
 Sixteenth Note -closed notehead with a
stem and 2 hooks.
The form or kind of note determines its
length or its relative time value.
 Relative
time value
 Notes
Relative time value of notes
 A whole note -is one
 A half note -is one half of a whole
note.
 A quarter note -is one-quarter (1/4) of
a whole note
 An eighth note is 1/8 of a whole note.
 A sixteenth note-is 1/16 of a whole
note.
 Notes
Explanation of the illustration

1. One whole note is equal to the time values of:

a. 2 half notes
b. 4 quarter notes
c. 8 eighth notes
d. 6 sixteenth notes
2. One half note is equal to time values of:
a. 2 quarter notes
b. 4 eighth notes
c. 8 sixteenth notes
3. Quarter note equals
a. 2 eight notes
b. 4 sixteenth notes
4. One eight notes equals
a. 2 sixteenth notes
rest
 rest
1.A rest is a musical character used on the
staff to indicate silence in music.
2.Each kind of note has a corresponding kind
of rest:
 rest
3. The form of a rest determines its relative
time value
A whole rest is 4 beats,
a half rest is 2 beats
a quarter rest is one beat
an eighth rest is 1/2 beat, and
a sixteenth rest is 1/4 beat
4. A rest has no pitch and, therefore, has no
permanent location. A rest can even stay
above or below the staff within the same
measure.
 rest
5. EXERCISE FOR WHOLE NOTES AND WHOLE
RESTS
The whole rest is the silence of the whole
note The whole note counts four beats.
 rest
6. EXERCISE WITH HALF NOTES AND HALF
NOTE RESTS. The half note rest is the
silence for the half note. The half note counts
two beats.
 rest
7. EXERCISE FOR QUARTER NOTES AND
QUARTER RESTS. The quarter note counts
one beat. The quarter note rest is the
silence of the quarter note.
 rest
8. EXERCISE, EIGHTH NOTES AND EIGHTH
NOTE RESTS: The eighth notes rest is the
silence of the eighth note. The eighth notes
to a beat, or one eighth note and its rest.
 rest
9. EXERCISE. SIXTEENTH NOTES AND
SIXTEENTH RESTS. The sixteenth note rest is
the silence of the sixteenth note. Four
sixteenth note to a beat, or 3 sixteenth
notes and its rests.
 The
measure
signature
The measure signature
1. A measure is the space between two bars.
A bar is a vertical line on the staff.
The measure signature
2. A measure is composed of 2 or more consecutive
beats, marked by one or more accents.

Beat is an equal division of the measure. Thus, a measure can be divided into 2, 3, 4 or 6
beats. Beat is not the movement of the hand, or the foot, or the head. The number of beats to
a measure and also the number of beats a kind of note will receive are determined by the
measure signature. The more popular name for measure signature is time signature.
The measure signature
3. Measure signature is a numerical sign
found at the beginning of a piece of music.
The measure signature
4. Functions of a measure signature
a. The measure signature indicates the
number of beats in a measure.
The fraction above the line, of numerator,
Indicates the number of equal beats in a
measure.
(1) In 3/4 3/8 3/2 each one indicates that a
measure will have 3 equal beats
The measure signature
The measure signature

(2) In 4/4 4/2 and C, each one indicates that a

measure will have four equal beats.
The measure signature

(3) In 2/4 2/8 and Alla breve, each one indicates

that each measure will have two equal beats. Alla breve
is similar to 2/2 measure signature.
The measure signature

b. The measure signature shows the kind of note

to receive one beat. The fraction below the
line or denominator indicates the kind of note to
receive one beat. The measure signature
indicates the number of beats in a measure.
(1) In 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, each one indicates that a
quarter note will receive one beat.
The measure signature
The measure signature

(2) In 3/8 6/8 9/8, each one indicates that an

eighth note will receive one beat.
The measure signature

(3) In 2/2 4/2 (Alla breve), each one indicates

that a half note will receive one beat.
The measure signature
5. Measure signature which are not numerical
symbols. (Each has the function of a
measure signature).

a. The Common Time C-is similar to a 4/4

measure signature.
b. Alla Breve -is similar to 2/2
measure signature.
The measure signature
6. SIMPLES FORMS OF HAND MOVEMENT:
The measure signature

a. Down-up the 1st

beat down, and the
2nd beat goes up.
This holds true is 2/4
and C.
The measure signature

b. Down-Right-Up-the
1st beat is down, the
2nd beat is right or
outward, and the 3rd
goes up. This holds
true in 3/4 and 3/8.
The measure signature
c. Down-Right-Left-
Up-the 1st beat goes
down, the 2nd beat
goes right or outward,
the 3rd beat goes
inward or left, and
the fourth beat goes
up. This holds true in
4/4 and Common
Time C
 MUSIC GENRES
Every style of music generates a variety of
feelings! Which one is your favorite and why?

Rock Pop
 USING PHRASAL
VERBS
My friends are INT pop music.
really O
She TOOK guitar lessons since
UP school.
It’s really noisy TURN the music.
here DOWN
 USING PHRASAL
VERBS
My friends are INT pop music.
really O
She TOOK guitar lessons since
UP school.
It’s really noisy TURN the music.
here DOWN
 2. The Scale
A scale is a succession of
tones arranged in a regular
order, either ascending or
descending. The tones are
presented in the scale
MUSIC
&
MENTAL
HEALTH
 THE BENEFITS OF
MUSIC
Listening to your favourite music can boost
your energy by releasing dopamine into the
brain, which helps to cope with chronic pain,
prevents depression, and generates
concentration and focus. Did you know that
different kind of music genres have the power
to create a variety of sensation?
 MUSIC GENRES
Every style of music generates a variety of
feelings! Which one is your favorite and why?

Rock Pop
 MUSIC GENRES
Every style of music generates a variety of
feelings! Which one is your favorite and why?

Countr Classic
y
 MUSIC GENRES
Every style of music generates a variety of
feelings! Which one is your favorite and why?

Soul Jazz
 MUSIC GENRES
Every style of music generates a variety of
feelings! Which one is your favorite and why?

Electronic Hip Hop

 RECALL
MEMORIES
 VIVID MEMORIES
Listening to music repeatedly creates many
connections in our brains by remembering the
feelings and moments. We have a natural
ability to recollect memories using our senses!
For that reason, people with stress, dementia,
Alzheimer's and more travel with music to the
past and it helps them to reconnect with
themselves.
 SCIENTIFIC
EVIDENCE
Studies have shown that music provides the
secretion of brain neurotransmitters, like
dopamine and cortisol that provide a sens of
rewarding, happiness, stress relief and bonding
with others.
 MAKING
CONNECTIO
NS
A COMMUNITY OF
Music createsMUSIC!
a connection with people all
around the world, as it is a universal
language. By listening to music, our bodies
release oxytocin which generates empathy
and trust in others. Do you have memories
with people through songs?
 LEARNING
LANGUAGES
Music exists in a variety of languages, so it's
an amazing way to acquire your favorite
foreign language by singing, reading and
dancing through the lyrics.
 USING
MUSIC
THERAPY
 PROCEDURAL
MEMORY
Our memory works by performing actions, such
as playing an instrument or riding a bike; for
those tasks, we use procedural memory. This
type of long-term memory helps to associate a
song with those performances, which is a great
tool as a therapy for people with dementia or
Alzheimer’s.
 PHRASAL
VERBS ABOUT
MUSIC!
 USING PHRASAL
TURN your VERBS
bluetooh PUT music
ON and UP .
She TOOK guitar lessons since
UP school.
It’s really noisy TURN the music.
here DOWN
HAVE
FUN!