IGCSE D&T

Teacher : Mr Reddy

STUDENT NAME
 Contents:
No. Pages Area

4 Identifying of Need & Design Brief

Section 1

- Brainstorm of wide range of issues(worldwide to everyday)

- Explore 3 specific everyday issues
- ACCESSFM 1 CHOSEN issue (in detail)
- Write a Design Brief (what, who, why, when, how)
What are you designing? NEED & DESIGN BRIEF
Who are you designing for?
Why is it important for them?
When will you design and manufacture it?
How will you design and manufacture it?

8 Primary/Secondary Research & Design Specification

Section 2

- Moodboard/Research Plan (S)

- Existing Ideas Research (S/P)
- Questionaire (P)
-
-
Location Research (P)
Ergonomics/Anthropometrics (S/P) RESEARCH & SPECIFICATIONS
- Materials Research(Beneficial) (S)
- Manufacturing Methods Research(Beneficial) (S)
- Design Specifications

4 Generation & Exploration of Concepts

- Generate a wide range of sketched ideas

Section 3

- Refine your rough ides - add/change to improve(details)

- Generate some card, models, laser cut models, foam models
- Generate some CAD models the best 3 designs
GENERATION & EXPLORATION
Ongoing annotations, pros/cons, areas to improve/develop,
stakeholder feedback.

5 Development of Proposed Solution

- Modelling and testing
Section 4

- Prototyping
- Ongoing research applied where necessary
-
-
SH feedback
Annotations to evaluate design modifications
DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTION

3 Planning for Production

PLANNING FOR PRODUCTION
S5

2 Product Realisation
PRODUCT REALISATION
S6

3 Evaluation & Testing

EVALUATION & TESTING

S7
 Criterion 1: Identify a need or
opportunity leading to Design Brief
TASK ANALYSIS MIND MAP NEED & DESIGN BRIEF

World wide
problems
Possible Design Needs and Possible Projects
Themes Ideas Any questions you have / concerns about the
scope of such a project

Adapting everyday items to help

people with impairments

Adapting existing products to

perform different tasks

Remodelling organisational
problems

Improving Sport aids

Improving recreation aids

Improving equipment storage

Creating support for specific user

groups in need

Creating aids to support domestic

tasks

Improving signage and instructional

issues

Creating an useful storage or

tailored piece of furniture for a pet
owner
 NEED & DESIGN BRIEF

IDENTIFICATION OF NEED & DESIGN BRIEF

PAGES Tasks for each page
1 Mind map or diagram that explores opportunities (could be included in
front cover)

Investigate selected problem:

Survey / secondary research that evidences of problem
Interview with user + photos

Design Brief -
1. Outline problem to be tackled
2. Describe design opportunity and what is the aim of the project
3. Target audience
4. Scope of project (budget? Size restriction? etc)
5. Schedule / Available facilities
6. Main competition
IDENTIFICATION OF NEED NEED & DESIGN BRIEF

CONTEXT INITIAL CLIENT or TARGET AUDIENCE INTERVIEW

PHOTO PHOTO
OF OF
SITUATION SITUATION

DESIGN BRIEF
CLIENT or PERSONA PROFILE
Name:
Age:
Profession:
Interests:
Likes:
Dislikes:
Needs (specific requirements for product):
Wants (ideal but not essential for product):
TASK ANALYSIS MIND MAP NEED & DESIGN BRIEF

What do I need to know before

I begin designing?
What What
What research methods will I machinery materials
use and data will I gather? do I have do I have
available available
Which methods will be to me? to me?
primary and secondary
research? Where can I take inspiration
from? Designers / Classic
What are the main Enter problem designs / successful designs
functions / tasks of the
product?
here / other types of products

How will the product help my

client? How can I design
What are the
for emotion?
safety
Visceral
Who are my considerations for
Behavioural
competitors? your product?
Reflective
Criterion 2: Research into the
design brief resulting in
specifications
 RESEARCH & SPECIFICATIONS

Research + Design Spec (10 marks)

PAGES Tasks for each page
1 Interview or Detailed Survey with target audience
Analysis of Research box

2 ½ page Mood Board

½ page Analysis of competitor’s products - ideally REAL products (rather than internet images)
Focus on strengths and weakness
Analysis of Research box
3, 4 Material and Manufacturing Facilities
1 Page research into available materials
1 page on manufacturing techniques available in school
5 Table with 3 columns:

Design Specification Point:

Aesthetics, Cost, Consumer, Ergonomics, Environment, Safety, Size
Function, Manufacture, Materials (focus on working properties not specific materials)

Justification
Must relate to areas in research

Method of Testing
Must suggest an accurate method of testing / evaluation at the end of the project
Research Plan
Primary Research : Investigation you have Secondary Research : Investigation you
done in person! have done online!

● example : Go to 2 different ● example : Research 4 existing ideas

locations to take photos and analyze the online and write pros/cons, use accessfm
space, document dimensions of the to evaluate each product
space and evaluate the use of the space. ●
● ●
● ●
● ●
● ●
● ●
●
●
 RESEARCH & SPECIFICATIONS
MOODBOARD: Theme and Design Need

Eg. Scenes Eg. Colour Eg. Storing Eg. Carrying

THEME DESIGN NEED

Eg. Symbols Eg. Idnetifying

Eg. Fonts Eg. Dispense
COMPETITOR’S PRODUCT ANALYSIS RESEARCH & SPECIFICATIONS

PRODUCT IMAGE STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES ERGONOMICS

NAME / COST
STORE or WEBSITE EASE OF USE

COMFORT

SAFETY

ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA NEEDED

SURVEY DATA & ANALYSIS RESEARCH & SPECIFICATIONS

Question: Which theme or design movement Question: Which elements of sustainability are
would you prefer as the influence for this most important for this product?
product?
ADD PIE CHART ADD PIE CHART Analysis
OR Analysis OR
BAR CHART BAR CHART
HERE HERE

Question: Which colour scheme do you find Question: Which category of material or
most appealing for this product? combination of materials would you prefer? The
specific material will be defined at a later stage.
ADD PIE CHART Analysis ADD PIE CHART
OR OR Analysis
BAR CHART BAR CHART
HERE HERE

Question: How much would you be willing to Question: Which store or website would you
pay for this product? usually visit to purchase this type of product?

ADD PIE CHART Analysis ADD PIE CHART Analysis

OR OR
BAR CHART BAR CHART
HERE HERE

Question: Which of the following functions Summary of Key Findings:

are most essential for this product?

ADD PIE CHART Analysis

OR
BAR CHART
HERE
Manufacturing Facilities RESEARCH & SPECIFICATIONS

Shaping (Wastage) Shaping (Deforming/ Reforming)

Machine/ Function Use in project? Photo Available in Machine/ Function Use in project? Photo Available in
Tool, Name School Tool, Name School

CNC Routing YES

YES
Line Bending

Pillar Drill YES

Vacuum YES
Forming
Orbital YES
Sander YES
Plastics Oven

Lassercutting YES Injection NO

Moulding
Belt Sander YES Blow NO
moulding
Coping saw YES

Tenon saw YES

Shaping (Additive)

Junior YES
hacksaw Machine/ Function Use in project? Photo Available in
Tool, Name School
Mitre Saw YES
YES
3D Printing
Tap & Dies YES

Jigsaw YES

Wood Lathe YES

Wood Router YES

Scroll Saw YES

Bandsaw YES
/Teacher
only

Chisels & YES

Mallets

Plotter Cutter YES

Manufacturing Facilities RESEARCH & SPECIFICATIONS

Joints/ (Permanent)

Machine/ Tool, Function Use in project? Photo

Surface Finishes
Name
SURFACE FINISHES
Dovetail/ Comb
Joints Surface Finish Suitable for which materials? Use in project? Photo

Varnish
Butt joint/
Rabbet (with
glue and/ or
nail) Wood Stain

Biscuit/ Dowel/
Mortise & Tenon Polish
Joint (with glue
and/ or nails)

Dado/ Lap/ Wax

Housing Joint
(with glue and/
or nails) Spray Paint

No finish
Adhesives (Permanent)

Machine/ Tool, Function Use in project? Photo

Name

Knock Down
Fitting

Screws, Nuts,
Bolts

Hinges, Locks

Joining (Temporary)

Machine/ Tool, Function Use in project? Photo

Name

Knock Down
Fitting

Screws, Nuts,
Bolts

Hinges, Locks
Materials Research RESEARCH & SPECIFICATIONS

TIMBERS (HARDWOODS) MANUFACTURED BOARDS

Material Properties Common Uses Applications for my project Available at Material Properties Common Uses Applications for my project Available at
Name school Y/N Name school Y/N

Beech NO MDF YES

Oak NO Plywood YES

Ash NO Chipboard YES

Mahogany NO Hardboard NO

Teak NO Blockboard NO

TIMBERS (SOFTWOODS) THERMOSETTING PLASTICS

Material Properties Common Uses Applications for my project Available at Material Properties Common Uses Applications for my project Available at
Name school Y/N Name school Y/N

Pitch Pine YES Epoxy Resin Adhesive to join plastics YES

Scotts NO Melamine NO
Pine formaldehyde

Parana NO Polyester NO
Pine Resin

Yew NO Phenol NO
formaldehyde

Urea NO
formaldehyde
Materials Research RESEARCH & SPECIFICATIONS

THERMOPLASTICS METALS (FERROUS)

Material Properties Common Uses Applications for my project Available at Material Properties Common Applications for my Image
Name school Y/N Name Uses project

Mild NO
Acrylic laser cutting YES Steel

Hugh NO
PLA 3D printing YES Carbon
Steel

ABS 3D printing YES Stainless NO

Steel

High Vacuum forming YES

Impact METALS (NON-FERROUS)
Polystyren
e HIPS Material Properties Common Applications for my Image
Name Uses project
Polythene NO
HDPE
Aluminium Yes
Polythene NO
LDPE
Brass
Polypropyl NO
ene PP
Copper
High NO
Impact
Polystyren
e HIPS

Rigid PVC NO
 RESEARCH & SPECIFICATIONS
Location Research

Location 1 Location 2

Image here Image here Image here

Image here Image here

Dimensions image

Image here

Dimensions image Dimensions image

Dimensions image

Analysis here Analysis here

Analysis here Analysis here

 RESEARCH & SPECIFICATIONS
Additional Research
Design Specification RESEARCH & SPECIFICATIONS

CRITERIA SPECIFICATION JUSTIFICATION METHOD OF TESTING

CONSUMER / This product will appeal to: 1.1 1.1

1.1 People that are aged .... to … 1.2 1.2
TARGET AUDIENCE 1.2 People who...

FUNCTION / 2.1 This product must ….. 2.1 I discovered this during the ______ section of my research 2.1
2.2 This product must ….. 2.2 2.2
PERFORMANCE 2.3 This product must ….. 2.3 2.3
2.4 This product must ….. 2.4 2.4

SIZE 3.1 The dimensions of this product will be a maximum of: 3.1 3.1
Height ...mm
Length ....mm
Width ...mm

ANTHROPOMETRICS 4.1 The essential data to be applied to the product’s design is: 4.1 I found this out during my Market Survey section 4.1

ERGONOMICS 5.1 To ensure comfort the product must… 5.1 5.1

5.2 5,2 5,2

SAFETY 6.1 The product should… 6.1 6.1

6.2 The product should not... 6.2 6.2

AESTHETICS 7.1 This product will be inspired by…. 7.1 7.1

7.2 The colours should be... 7.2 7.2

COST 8.1 The product will cost a maximum of $... 8.1 _____ % of the people I surveyed said that the environment 8.1
affects the choices that they make when buying product

ENVIRONMENTAL 9.1 9.1 I have explored a range of these techniques in my 9.1

Manufacturing Processes Section
CONSIDERATIONS Consider: Designed for disassembly and replacement of parts /
to have 3D printed replacement parts / have a majority of
recyclable components / knock-down fittings / not require any
adhesives

MATERIALS 10.1 The body should be made from a material that is… (enter 10.1 10.1
properties) 10.2 10.2
10.2 The X should be made from a material that is… (enter
properties)

MANUFACTURE 11.1 The product should be manufactured using a combination 11.1 11.1
of......
Criterion 3: Generating Design
Ideas
 GENERATION &
EXPLORATION

Generation and Exploration of Ideas

PAGE Tasks for each page
1,2 1 x A3 page of 10 sketched concepts + concise annotations
Fine line outline
Colour used minimally
1x page of 3 – 6 physical mock up(card, foam, laser cut) models
+ consise annotations
3 Analysis of concepts table, scoring against Design Specification
Final column compares ideas to each other with reference to
each specification point

4 CAD Models :
2-3 highest scoring designs explored in more detail
Explore technical aspects / possible materials & manufacturing
techniques
Detailed evaluation against Design Specification
Conclusion box - design selected for further development
DESIGN CONCEPTS GENERATION & EXPLORATION
DESIGN CONCEPTS GENERATION & EXPLORATION
DESIGN CONCEPTS Card models GENERATION & EXPLORATION
DESIGN CONCEPTS Card models GENERATION & EXPLORATION
 GENERATION & EXPLORATION
ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTS
MOST APPROPRIATE DESIGNS
CRITERIA D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 TOTAL CONCLUSIONS

AESTHETICS

COST
DESIGN X -
CONSUMER
SCREENSHOT
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSIDERATIONS

ERGONOMICS &
ANTHROPOMETRICS

SAFETY

SIZE DESIGN X
FUNCTION
KEY AREAS TO FOCUS
ON IN DEVELOPMENT
MATERIALS

MANUFACTURE

DESIGN Z DESIGN Y
DESIGN Z - DESIGN Y-
SCREENSHOT KEY AREAS TO FOCUS SCREENSHOT KEY AREAS TO FOCUS
ON IN DEVELOPMENT ON IN DEVELOPMENT
IDEAS IN MORE DETAIL : CAD Models GENERATION & EXPLORATION

DESIGN X DESIGN Y DESIGN Z

EVALUATION AGAINST DESIGN SPECIFICATION EVALUATION AGAINST DESIGN SPECIFICATION EVALUATION AGAINST DESIGN SPECIFICATION

CLIENT FEEDBACK CLIENT FEEDBACK CLIENT FEEDBACK

SELECTED DESIGN FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT + JUSTIFICATIONS = DESIGN ???

Criterion 4: Development of
proposed solution
 DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTION

Development of Proposed Solution (15 marks)

PAGE Tasks for each page
1 Planning page to...
Clarify main features / aspects of solution
Copy of selected design + labels to highlight key components for development
Small Design Spec Table + concise areas of focus
2 Modelling and testing page
Focus: Form (size, structure, shape)
Design Spec Evaluation on relevant criteria to area of development
3 Modelling and testing page
Focus: Joining / Mechanisms
Design Spec Evaluation on relevant criteria to area of development
4 Modelling and testing page
Focus: Materials / Manufacturing
Design Spec Evaluation on relevant criteria to area of development
5 Modelling and testing page
Focus: Aesthetics / Finishes
Design Spec Evaluation on relevant criteria to area of development
SELECTED IDEA + PLANNING FOR DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTION

Form (Size, Structure, Shape) Aesthetics and Finishes

In each box write a series of

question.

Underneath each question

explain how you will find your COPY OF IDEA FOR
answer (through modelling / DEVELOPMENT
further research / testing)

Materials Manufacturing Methods Joints & Mechanisms

FORM (SIZE, STRUCTURE, SHAPE) DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTION

Conclusions

1. Construct a scale model to analyse structure and shape /take photos

2. Construct a full size developed model / photograph in situation
3. Add at least 6-8 photos of here of your models
4. Answer your questions you wrote about FORM on the previous page
5. Evidence everything on this page (photos / CAD / further research / Testing)
MATERIALS / AESTHETICS / FINISHES DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTION

Conclusions
JOINTS / MECHANISMS DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTION

Conclusions

1. On this page answer your questions about Joints / Joining / Mechanisms

2. Show photos of any further testing you complete
3. You should be confident how all components will operate / join together
MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTION

Conclusions

1. On this page answer your questions about manufacturing techniques

2. Show photos of any further testing you complete
3. You must explore how to manufacture all parts of your product using the
selected materials
 PLANNING FOR
PRODUCTION

Criterion 5: Planning for

production
ISOMETRIC AND EXPLODED DRAWINGS PLANNING FOR
PRODUCTION
Students to draw their product using:
• Isometric & Exploded Drawing (each part labeled A,B,C, etc. and a table
naming each part).

• Onshape, or prefered 3D Modelling software

CUTTING LIST

Component Material Amount Dimensions Cost (per item + total

cost at the end)

Image of part here

Image of part here

Image of part here

Image of part here

Image of part here

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS PLANNING FOR
PRODUCTION

Fully dimensioned in 3rd angle projection – Generated using 3D Modelling software or

sketched on 2D Design.
PRODUCTION PLAN PLANNING FOR
PRODUCTION
Stage Time Materials Equipment Risk Assessment Quality Control Checks
Potential Hazard:
Action:

Potential Hazard:
Action:

Potential Hazard:
Action:

Potential Hazard:
Action:

Potential Hazard:
Action:

Potential Hazard:
Action:

Potential Hazard:
Action:

Potential Hazard:
Action:

Potential Hazard:
Action:

Potential Hazard:
Action:

Potential Hazard:
Action:

Potential Hazard:
Action:
Criterion 6: Product realisation
FINAL PRODUCT PRODUCT REALISATION

1. Add lots of photos of your product from different angles

2. Show how it is used in its specific location of context
3. Show zoomed areas of joints / edges / finishes (show off best of your work!!)

This is how to examiner will judge your final product

 PRODUCT REALISATION

Students need to add some photos of

finish products here…
Criterion 7: Testing and evaluation
EVALUATION AGAINST DESIGN SPECIFICATION EVALUATION & TESTING

SPECIFICATION METHOD OF TESTING RESULTS EVALUATION OF TEST RESULTS INCLUDING STENGTHST & WEAKNESSES
TESTING
PHOTOS OF TESTS
USER TESTING EVALUATION & TESTING
CLIENT FEEDBACK

USER 1 FEEDBACK

PRODUCT IN SITUATION USER 2 FEEDBACK

CONCLUSIONS
PROPOSALS FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT EVALUATION & TESTING
Suggested Improvement: Suggested Improvement:
Suggested Improvement:

Trial suggested improvements: Trial suggested improvements:

Trial suggested improvements:
Show photos of additional models Show photos of additional models
Show photos of additional models
/ drawings / CAD / drawings / CAD
/ drawings / CAD

Suggested Improvement: Suggested Improvement:

Suggested Improvement:

Suggested Improvement:
EVALUATION OF PROJECT
SUCCESSES

LIMITATIONS