READING AND WRITING SKILLS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES;
1. Differentiate explicit and implicit
claims.
2. Identify and analyze different
types of claims (fact, value, policy).
3. Apply their understanding of
claims in analyzing text or
arguments.
Fact or Bluff
 Instructio
0
ns 0
Identify some statements
as FACT or BLUFF.
One representative will
raise the winning word.

1 The class will be divided into 3

0 0
Wait for the cue of teacher
two teams, and each team before you raise your
will be given 30 seconds to answer.
decide with your groupmates

2 4
.
Are you ready?
Round 01
The Earth revolves around
the sun once every 24hrs.
It’s a Bluff!
It takes approximately 365 days
and 6hrs, 9 minutes.
Round 02
Batanes is the smallest province
in the Philippines.
It’s a Fact!
It is smallest province in the
Philippines in terms of
population and land area.
Round 03
Mayon Volcano is considered the
world’s most perfect cone shaped
volcano.
It’s a Fact!
Mayon Volcano in the Philippines is often called
the world’s most perfect cone shaped volcano
because of its symmetrical shape.
Round 04
Teeth are considered part of
the skeletal system and
counted as bones.
It’s a Bluff!
Teeth are not considered part if skeletal
system because they lack the ability to
heal and grow like bones.
Round 05
The Philippines is the world’s
number one producer of
coconut.
It’s a Bluff!
Indonesia is the world’s leading coconut
producer, second is the Philippines.
Congratulations!!
Implicit and Explicit Claims in
Written Text

Types Of Claim
Claim Of Fact
Claim Of Value
Claim Of Policy
 CLAIMS
• Claims are synonymous to belief, argument,
assertion, or stand. According to
(Tiongson 2016, 20-21),
• A claim persuades, argues, convinces, proves, or
provocatively suggests something to a reader who
may or may not initially agree with you.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
CLAIM
Argumentative Specific Interestin
g
Debatable Focused Engaging

Logical
Here are some questions to help you determine the writer’s claim
while you are reading a text:

• What is the author’s main point?

• What is the author’s position regarding it?

 CLAIMS
EXPLICIT IMPLICIT
• It is directly and • It is indirectly
clearly stated in the expressed in the text
text. It is when you and you need to look
for clues or make
can easily point out inferences to
the information in the understand its
passage. meaning.
Sample text:
“Congratulations, Rosie! Your parents must be proud of
you. “The teacher greeted her with delight. It was
graduation day and Rosie managed to stand on stage and
delivered her speech in front of her fellow graduates and
guest. She ended her speech thanking her Alma mater
and her parents and said. “Let us trust God’s plan.” Rosie
left the stage with tears in her eyes as the clicking of the
medals could be heard from afar. As she approached her
parents, they kissed her and gave her a big hug and
uttered. “We love you, dear! Your success is our success.
We will surely celebrate at home.”
Analyzation: Determine whether the sentence
possess Implicit or Explicit Claims.

1. The teacher congratulate Rosie.

2. Rosie stood on stage and delivered her speech.
3. Rosie was full of happiness.
4. Rosie was a hardworking and intelligent
student.
5. The parents Rosie promised to celebrate her
success.
TYPES OF CLAIM

Claim Of Fact
Claim Of Value
Claim Of Policy
 CLAIM OF FACT
• Relate to the statements that can be verified, no matter
how difficult.
• Derived from factual information like definition, history
or connections.

Claim A: People in general are becoming more dependent on

technology.

Claim B: Different countries have different names for currencies.

Let’s Practice
Identify which is a claim of fact.

SET A
Claim A: Philippines has a million users of technology.

Claim B: Filipinos are the most responsible users of technology.

Claim C: Philippines should be educated with ethics of

technology.
CORRECT ANSWER
Answer: Claim A - Philippines has a million users of
technology.

Claim A can be true or untrue. ( according to statistics this is

true)
Claim B is a preference or opinion and not a claim of fact.
Claim C is an action to be taken and not a claim of
fact.
Let’s Practice
Identify which is a claim of fact.

SET B
Claim A: The naming of currency must be based in
country’s cultural heritage.

Claim B: The most powerful currency is dollars.

Claim C: The names of currency vary in different

countries.
CORRECT ANSWER
Answer: Claim C The names of currency vary in different
countries.

Claim C is true.
Claim A is a proposed action to be taken.
Claim B is an opinion or preference.
EXERCISE A
Put a check mark ( ) if the statement is a claim of fact and put a cross mark ( )if it is not.
1. The Department of Education shows its readiness on the ‘new normal’ in the teaching
and learning process.
2. Curfew must be enforced by parents to their children.
3. Vaping can have same side effects as smoking.
4. The closing of Philippine borders to tourists is one way to slow down the spread of
COVID-19.
5. Doing videos in TikTok is more exciting than vlogging.
6. Research says that people can reduce stress by taking a nap.
7. It is more beneficial for a child to grow up speaking more than one language than knowing
only his or her mother tongue.
8. National ID system should now be implemented in the Philippines.
9. Neil Armstrong made a history as the first man to walk on the moon.
10. Watching K-Drama is the best form of entertainment.
 CLAIM OF VALUE
• Make relative judgements about what is good or bad right, right or wrong,
just or unjust, moral or immoral.
• Members of societies often hold similar values.

Example:
Squid Game was the best series in the year 2024.
The GSW is the best team in NBA.
 EXERCISE B
Directions: On a separate sheet write ‘CV’ if the statement
is a claim of value and write ‘NCV’ if not.
1. It is unfair to force taxpayers to contribute to a school system that does not
serve them.
2. Since it is inequitably administrated, capital punishment is unjust.
3. Violence on television influences children to behave violently.
4. The death penalty does not deter crime.
5. Mercy killing is objectionable because it is still an act of killing.
 CLAIM OF POLICY
• is the argument where actions should be carried out. Basically, it is
perceived as a relatively direct statement. This claim can also be called
claim of solution because it suggests and supports policies and solutions,
and the action to be taken is based on the results. You will know if a
statement is a claim of policy if there is an action to be done or a solution
to be taken.
Example:
A dress code should be introduces for all public high school
students.
EXERCISE C
On a separate sheet, write ‘CP’ if the given statement is a claim of policy and
‘NCP’ if not.

1. Anti-Text Scam Bill should be passed as law to protect the people.

2. Euthanasia also known as mercy killing is against the Law of God.
3. We should not support nor do Euthanasia or mercy killing in the
Philippines because it is still an act of killing.
4. Abortion should not be legalized in the Philippines because every child is a
gift.
5. Every child has the right to be born whether he/she is made out of love or
anything else. Doing abortion is doing a criminal act.
Quiz Time
Directions: Identify each statement below, taken from or inspired
by the previous text, as a claim of fact, value or policy.

1. Smoking causes lung cancer and other severe health issues.

2. People who truly care about their health choose organic food.
3. The company has reduced its carbon footprint by 50% over the last
year.
4. An individual must be at least 18 years old in order for him or her to
apply for a driver’s license.
5. The city’s air quality has been rated as one of the worst in the
country.
6. A truly responsible parent would never let their child lay
unsupervised.
7. The government should implement stricter gun control laws to
reduce violence and improve public safety.
8. Everyone knows that luxury brand symbolize success.
9. This product is scientifically proven to be 95% effective.
10. College education should be made more affordable through
increased financial aid and reduced tuition fees.
11. Recent studies show that drinking green tea can reduce the
risk of heart disease.
12. Only unwise people would ignore the signs of climate
change.
13. The minimum wage should be raised to ensure all workers
can earn a living wage.
14. Good leaders know how to inspire their teams without using
fear.
15. Countries must impose stronger regulations on plastic waste
reduce environmental damage.
ANSWER KEY
1. Fact
2. Value 10. Value
3. Fact 11. Fact
4. Policy 12. Value
5. Fact 13. Policy
6. Value 14. Value
7. Policy 15. Policy
8. Value
9. Policy
Intervention Quiz
Directions: Read each statement and determine whether if it is True or False.
1. Explicit claims are always clearly stated and easy to identify.
2. Implicit claims require the reader to infer meaning or conclusions that are
not directly stated.
3. A claim of value focuses on stating factual evidences.
4. A claim of policy argues that something should be done or changed.
5. Implicit claims are always more persuasive that explicit claims,
6. “This product has been proven to be the most effective in clinical trials” is an
explicit claim.
7. Implicit claim never appear in advertisements or persuasive writing.
8.’Everyone should recycle to save the planet” is an example of a claim of fact.
9. Explicit claims are often more trustworthy because they leave no room for
interpretation.
10. A claim of fact involves a statement that ca be verified through evidence
ore research.
11. Implicit claims are harder to identify because they
require background knowledge or critical thinking to
understand.
12.” Beauty is subjective” is a claim of policy.
13. “Using the service guarantees faster delivery than any
competitor “is an explicit claim.
4. Implicit claims can sometimes lead to stronger emotional
responses because they tap into assumption or beliefs.
15. “This smartphone has the best camera on the market”
is an implicit claim.
ANSWER KEY
1. True
2. True 10. True
3. False 11. True
4. True 12. False
5. False 13. True
6. True 14. True
7. False 15. False
8. False
9. True
Performance Task
Directions: In a short bond paper, paste a sample
text/article/advertisement that demonstrates a claim of
value or fact (choose one). Then, answer the following
questions:
1. What is the subject of the text/article?
2. What is the claim of the author?
3. How did the author supports his/her claim?
4. Why do you think the text/article is a claim of
value?
5. How about you? What is your claim about the
subject of the article?