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Reading and Writing Skills-Module 3

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12 views30 pages

Reading and Writing Skills-Module 3

Uploaded by

elizabethanne.nunag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MODULE 3

IDENTIFYING CLAIMS
IMPLICITLY AND
EXPLICITLY IN A
WRITTEN TEXT
Reading and evaluating claims, judging
proofs, questioning assumptions
requires critical thinking. This type of
reading is more than passively
understanding what you are reading
because it allows you to make sound
judgements after scrutinizing the
message of the text and the ideas that it
tries to relay.
Critical reading is a skill that
allows to identify information
which are clearly stated (explicit)
and ideas that are suggested
(implicit) because it will help you
make inferences based on what
you have read.
The definition of implicit is, “implied
or understood though not plainly or
directly expressed.” Something is,
therefore, implicit when it is not
directly stated but is either
suggested in the wording or
necessary to effectuate the purpose.
EXAMPLE:
Annie spared a quick glare at her
classmate, immediately spun on
her heels before she slammed
the door so hard.
The definition of explicit is, “to
fully and clearly express
something, leaving nothing
implied.” Something is explicit
when it is cleared stated and
spelled out and there is no room
for confusion, as in the writing of a
contract or statute.
EXAMPLE:
He said explicitly, you will
not attend that concert.
This is what separates these two
words. Something is implicit when it is
implied but not directly stated.
Something is explicit when it is directly
stated and leaves no room for
uncertainty.
A claim is a statement essentially
arguable, but used as a primary point to
support or prove an argument. If
somebody gives an argument to
support his position, it is called “making
a claim.” Different reasons are usually
presented to prove why a certain point
should be accepted as logical.
THREE TYPES
OF CLAIMS
A.Claims of Fact
Claims of fact relate to statements that
can be verified as they rely on actual
information for support. It states a
quantifiable assertion, or measurable
topic. They assert that something has
existed, exists, or will never exist based
on data
e.g., Stiffer penalties for
drunk driving have led to
fewer traffic fatalities.
Using descriptive and analytical
writing, explore every single
angle of the problem, or claim of
fact, to assess its level of truth.
By limiting the scope of the
study through specific claims of
fact, avoid the logical fallacies.
Claims of fact usually answer a “what” question.
When determining whether something is a claim
of fact, the following questions can be
considered:
• Is this issue related to a possible cause or
effect?
• Is this statement true or false? How can its
truthfulness be verified?
• Is this claim controversial or debatable?
Examples:
1. Generally, public secondary
schools in the Philippines are not
adequately preparing students for
college.
2. Converting to solar energy can
save homeowners money.
In general, claims of fact are
opinions drawn by inference
which involves proving the
inference that you have made is
reasonable.
B. Claim of Value
Claim of value assert something that can be
qualified. They consist of arguments about
moral, philosophical, or aesthetic topics.
These types of topics try to prove that some
values are desirable compared to others.
They make judgments, based on certain
standards, on whether something is right or
wrong, good or bad, or something similar.
Example:
1. Drunk driving is one of the most
selfish things a person can do.
2. Schools are doing everything
they can to prepare graduating
students for college.
Examples:
1. Fetal tissue research is
wrong.
2. Opera is not as
entertaining as musical
comedy.
Proving a claim of value
involves arriving at
reasonable standards of
judgment
that readers will accept.
C. Claim of Policy
Claim of policy is an argument which
asserts the implantation of a certain
policy. This is driven by the need to
present a solution to problems that have
arisen; sometimes it is given as a
response to claims of facts. It generally
state solutions and plans that are
procedural and organized.
EXAMPLE:
Even stricter penalties should
be handed out to drunk
drivers.
Questions of policy include:
• What should be done?
• How can we solve this
problem?
• What course of action should
we pursue?
• What should not be done?
Examples:
1. Schools should use more rigorous exit
assessments to ensure that students are
prepared for college.
2. Instead of loaning for oil in some
Asian countries, we should be focusing
on ways to reduce oil consumption, such
as researching renewable energy
sources.
Ako po si _ ay pinatawag ang aking
magulang dahil wala po akong ginawa at
pinasa sa Reading and Writing Skills. Ang
naging usapan po ay gagawin ko ang lahat
ng kulang ko sa petsang November 6 at 7.
Pero hindi ko po ito ginawa. Ngayong araw
ng Huwebes, November 23, 2023 ngayon
ko lang po sinimulan ang mga kulang ko.
ACTIVITY #4

Formulate your own claims (fact, value,


policy) based on the following topics:

1. People’s readiness in facing the “new


normal”
2. Using animals in the field of research
3. Impact of technology in the 21st century

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