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Lec 1 Introduction To Signals and System

The document provides an overview of the course 'Signals and Systems', which requires a basic understanding of calculus and differential equations. It outlines key topics covered in the course, including linear time-invariant systems, Fourier transforms, and applications in various fields such as communications and biomedical engineering. The aim is to analyze and design systems that process signals effectively, addressing real-world challenges like noise reduction and image restoration.

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3 views19 pages

Lec 1 Introduction To Signals and System

The document provides an overview of the course 'Signals and Systems', which requires a basic understanding of calculus and differential equations. It outlines key topics covered in the course, including linear time-invariant systems, Fourier transforms, and applications in various fields such as communications and biomedical engineering. The aim is to analyze and design systems that process signals effectively, addressing real-world challenges like noise reduction and image restoration.

Uploaded by

girmadajane15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Signals and Systems

1
Basic background in calculus, complex numbers and some
exposure to differential equations

Text books
Signals and Systems, by A. Oppenheim, A. Willsky, and
H. Nawab, 2nd edition, 1997, Prentice-Hall,

Reference book
Signals and Systems, by Simon Haykin and Barry Van
Veen
2
• Chap 1. Signals and Systems
• Chap 2. Linear Time-Invariant Systems
• Chap 3. Fourier Series for Periodic Signals
• Chap 4. Continuous-Time Fourier Transform
• Chap 5. Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
• Chap 7. Sampling
• Chap 9. The Laplace Transform
• Chap 10. The z-Transform 3
4
The automobile responses by increasing the speed of the vehicle.
System is the automobile, pressure on pedal is the input signal, the
automobile speed is the response or output signal.

• Digitized electrocardiogram as input to a computer program for


an automated diagnosis of electrocardiogram.
The program responses by estimating parameter (the heart rate of the
patient).
System is the computer program, digitized electrocardiogram is the
input signal, the heart rate is the response or output signal.
• Control input signal to a robot arm.
The robot responses by producing movement of the arm.
System is the robot arm, control electrical signal is the input signal,
5 the
• Communications
• Audio and Speech processing
• Image, Video Processing
• Acoustics
• Circuit Design
• Seismology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Bioinformatics
• Energy Generation and distribution System
• Chemical Process Control
• Aeronautics 6
Objectives & Applications
• When presented with a specific system , we are interested in
characterizing it in detail to understand how it will response to
input signals.
Examples :- Understanding of human auditory system. Vocal Tract
System. Economic system. Analysis of circuits. Determination of
aircraft response characteristic due to pilot commands & wind
gusts.
• Designing of systems to process signals in particular ways.
Example Economic forecasting.. Stock market predicting.
Restoration of degraded or corrupted signals. For example Speech
communication with background noise as in aircraft cockpit or car.
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Aim to retain the pilot voice and get rid of the engine noise.
Objectives & Applications
• Images from deep space probes or earth-observing satellites represent
degraded versions of the scenes being imaged.
Why.. Because of equipment limitations, atmospheric effect, errors in
signal transmission in returning the image to earth.
Process by system to restore/enhance the images.

8
• This course is one of several fundamental required
courses for Electrical Engineering. It covers analytic
(mathematic) background for modeling and analyzing
real-world signals and systems.
• Examples of signals include those involving electricity,
audio, images, video, radar signals, and seismic signals.
• Systems store, manipulate, or transmit signals by
physical processes. Examples include electric circuits
and systems, communication systems, control systems,
and signal processors.

Input Output
System
Signal Signal 9
Signals
• Signals may describe a wide variety of physical
phenomenon. It can be represented mathematically as
functions of one or more independent variables:
f(..x,y,z..), x(t)
• For example:
• Time: x(t)
• Frequency: X(f)
• Temperature
• Pressure
• And many others…
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