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Self As Cognitive Construct

The document explores the concept of the self, highlighting the distinctions between the 'I' (the active self) and 'Me' (the self as an object), as conceptualized by William James and Carl Rogers. It discusses the components of self-concept, including self-worth, self-image, and ideal self, and emphasizes that self and identity are social constructs shaped by interactions and societal influences. Additionally, it addresses the impact of self-awareness and social comparison on self-esteem, noting the potential for narcissism and the importance of fostering self-esteem through genuine achievements rather than superficial validation.

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17 views10 pages

Self As Cognitive Construct

The document explores the concept of the self, highlighting the distinctions between the 'I' (the active self) and 'Me' (the self as an object), as conceptualized by William James and Carl Rogers. It discusses the components of self-concept, including self-worth, self-image, and ideal self, and emphasizes that self and identity are social constructs shaped by interactions and societal influences. Additionally, it addresses the impact of self-awareness and social comparison on self-esteem, noting the potential for narcissism and the importance of fostering self-esteem through genuine achievements rather than superficial validation.

Uploaded by

winterariman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SELF AS

COGNITIVE
CONSTRUCT
The Self as Cognitive Construct
William James was one of the earliest psychologists to study the self and conceptualized the self as
having two aspects:
I is the the thinking, acting, and feeling self
Me is the physical characteristics as well as psychological capabilities that makes who you are.
Carl Rogers’ Self Theory:
Self is one of the basic systems underlying personality is the accepted, awareness part of experience.
The self as a system of one’s phenomenal field can be understood in terms of concept of I and me.
I is the one who acts and decides.
Me is what you think or feel about your self as an object.
There are various definitions of the “self” and other similar or interchangeable concepts in psychology.
Other concepts similar to self are identity and self-concept:
Identity is composed of personal characteristics, social roles, and responsibilities, as well as affiliations
that define who one is.
Self-concept is what basically comes to your mind when you are asked about who you are. It is based on
what people are told by others and how the sense of self is reflected in the words and actions of
important people in one’s life, such as parents, siblings, co-workers, friends and teachers.
Three components of self concept;
Self-worth is the value or worth an individual places on themselves. It is the evaluative aspect of
self-concept, influenced by the individual’s perceived successes, failures and how they believe other
view them
Self-image refers to individuals’ mental representation of themselves, shaped by personal
experiences and interactions with others.
Ideal Self is the version of oneself that an individual aspires to become. It include all the goals,
values, and traits a person deems ideal, or desirable. It’s their vision of “who I want to be”.
Self, identity, and self-concept are not fixed in one time frame.
Carl Rogers captured this idea in his concept of self-schema or our organized system or collection of knowledge about who
we are.
– Theories generally see the self and identity as mental constructs, created and recreated in memory.
– Freud saw the self, its mental processes, and one’s behavior as the results of the interaction between the Id, the
Ego, and the Superego.
– There are three reasons why self and identity are social products:
– We do not create ourselves out of nothing. Society helped in creating the foundations of who we are.
– Whether we like to admit it or not, we actually need others to affirm and reinforce who we think we are.
– What we think is important to us may also have been influenced by what is important in our social or historical context.
– Social interaction and group affiliation are vital factors in creating our self-concept especially in
the aspect of providing us with our social identity;
– There are times when we are aware of our self-concepts; this is also called self-awareness;
Carver and Scheier identified two types of self that we can be aware of:
– Private self - internal standards and private thoughts and feelings; and
– Public self -your public image commonly geared toward having a good presentation of yourself to
others.
Self-awareness also presents us with at least three other self-schema:
– The “actual” self is who you are at the moment
– The “ideal” self is who you like to be
– The “ought” self is who you think you should be
– Self-awareness may be positive or negative depending on the circumstances and our next course
of action.
– Our group identity and self-awareness also has a great impact on our self-esteem, defined as our
own positive or negative perception or evaluation of ourselves.
– One of the ways in which our social relationship affects our self-esteem is through social
comparison:
– The downward social comparison is the more common type of comparing ourselves with others,
by comparing ourselves with those who are worse off than us.
– The upward social comparison which is comparing ourselves with those who are better off than us.
– Social comparison also entails what is called self-evaluation maintenance theory, which states that
we can feel threatened when someone out-performs us, especially when that person is close to us.
– In the attempt to increase or maintain self-esteem, some people become narcissistic, a “trait
characterized by overly high self-esteem, self-admiration, and self-centeredness.”
– There is a thin line between high self-esteem and narcissism and there are a lot of tests and
measurements for self-esteem like the Rosenberg scale.
– Though self-esteem is a very important concept related to the self, studies have shown that it only
has a correlation, not causality, to positive outputs and outlook.
– Programs, activities, and parenting styles to boost self-esteem should only be for rewarding good
behavior and other achievements and not for the purpose of merely trying to make children feel
better about themselves or to appease them when they get angry or sad.
Thank you!

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