Measures of

Dispersion
Measures of Dispersion
Descriptive measures that are used to indicate
the amount of variation in data set are called
measures of variability, dispersion, or spread.
When descriptive statistics are presented, there
is usually at least one measure of central
tendency and at least one measure of variability
reported.
 RANGE
The range of data set is defined to
be the difference between the
highest and lowest value in data
set.
Range = Highest Value – Lowest
Value
Example:
Find the range in set A and
B.
Set A : 80, 86, 87, 90, Set B : 83, 84, 85, 90,
95 92
Range = Highest Value – Lowest
Value
Range = 95 – 80 Range = 92 – 83

Range = 15 Range = 9

“Based on the computed range for sets A and B, it

can be concluded that A has greater variability as
compared to B.
MEAN
DEVIATION
The mean deviation
measures the average
deviation of the values
from the arithmetic mean.
It gives equal weight to the
deviation of every
observation.
Mean Deviation for Ungrouped
Data
𝑴𝑫 =
∑ | 𝒙 − 𝒙|
𝒏
𝑴𝑫=¿mean deviation
𝒙=¿a particular data
𝒙=¿sample mean
𝒏=¿total number of

¿∨¿ observations
absolute value
EXAMPLE
Consider the hourly rate of the randomly
selected employees in three different business
companies in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro.

Find the mean deviation of the data.

Company A : Php 190, 195, 200,
205, 210
Company B : Php 180, 190, 200,
210, 220
Company C : Php 160, 180, 200,
220, 240
COMPANY A

190
195
200
205
210
COMPANY A

190
195
200
205
210
COMPANY A

190 – 10
195 –5
200 0
205 5
210 10
COMPANY A

190 – 10 10
195 –5 5
200 0 0
205 5 5
210 10 10
COMPANY A

190 – 10 10
195 –5 5
200 0 0
205 5 5
210 10 10
COMPANY B

180
190
200
210
220
COMPANY B

180
190
200
210
220
COMPANY B

180 – 20
190 – 10
200 0
210 10
220 20
COMPANY B

180 – 20 20
190 – 10 10
200 0 0
210 10 10
220 20 20
COMPANY B

180 – 20 20
190 – 10 10
200 0 0
210 10 10
220 20 20
COMPANY C

160
180
200
220
240
COMPANY C

160
180
200
220
240
COMPANY C

160 – 40
180 – 20
200 0
220 20
240 40
COMPANY C

160 – 40 40
180 – 20 20
200 0 0
220 20 20
240 40 40
COMPANY C

160 – 40 40
180 – 20 20
200 0 0
220 20 20
240 40 40
Mean Deviation for Grouped
Data
𝑴𝑫 =
∑ 𝒇 |𝒙 − 𝒙|
𝒏
𝑴𝑫=¿mean Deviation
𝒙=¿Midpoint
mark
or class

𝒙=¿ sample mean

𝒏=¿total number of

¿∨¿ observations
absolute value
Exampl Score
Frequency

e 66 – 70
(f)
2
71 – 75 6
76 – 80 10
81 – 85 14
86 – 90 10
91 – 95 6
96 – 100 2

TOTAL
Example
Frequenc
Score
y (f)
66 – 70 2
71 – 75 6
76 – 80 10
81 – 85 14
86 – 90 10
91 – 95 6
96 – 100 2

TOTAL
Example
Frequenc Class
Score
y (f) Mark (x)
66 – 70 2
71 – 75 6
76 – 80 10
81 – 85 14
86 – 90 10
91 – 95 6
96 – 100 2

TOTAL
Example
Frequenc Class
Score
y (f) Mark (x)
66 – 70 2 68
71 – 75 6 73
76 – 80 10 78
81 – 85 14 83
86 – 90 10 88
91 – 95 6 93
96 – 100 2 98

TOTAL
Example
Frequenc Class
Score
y (f) Mark (x)
66 – 70 2 68
71 – 75 6 73
76 – 80 10 78
81 – 85 14 83
86 – 90 10 88
91 – 95 6 93
96 – 100 2 98

TOTAL
Example
Frequenc Class
Score
y (f) Mark (x)
66 – 70 2 68
71 – 75 6 73
76 – 80 10 78
81 – 85 14 83
86 – 90 10 88
91 – 95 6 93
96 – 100 2 98

TOTAL
Example
Frequenc Class
Score
y (f) Mark (x)
66 – 70 2 68 – 15
71 – 75 6 73 – 10
76 – 80 10 78 – 5
81 – 85 14 83 0
86 – 90 10 88 5
91 – 95 6 93 10
96 – 100 2 98 15

TOTAL
Example
Frequenc Class
Score
y (f) Mark (x)
66 – 70 2 68 – 15
71 – 75 6 73 – 10
76 – 80 10 78 – 5
81 – 85 14 83 0
86 – 90 10 88 5
91 – 95 6 93 10
96 – 100 2 98 15

TOTAL
Example
Frequenc Class
Score
y (f) Mark (x)
66 – 70 2 68 – 15 15
71 – 75 6 73 – 10 10
76 – 80 10 78 – 5 5
81 – 85 14 83 0 0
86 – 90 10 88 5 5
91 – 95 6 93 10 10
96 – 100 2 98 15 15

TOTAL
Example
Frequenc Class
Score
y (f) Mark (x)
66 – 70 2 68 – 15 15
71 – 75 6 73 – 10 10
76 – 80 10 78 – 5 5
81 – 85 14 83 0 0
86 – 90 10 88 5 5
91 – 95 6 93 10 10
96 – 100 2 98 15 15

TOTAL
Example
Frequenc Class
Score
y (f) Mark (x)
66 – 70 2 68 – 15 15 30
71 – 75 6 73 – 10 10 60
76 – 80 10 78 – 5 5 50
81 – 85 14 83 0 0 0
86 – 90 10 88 5 5 50
91 – 95 6 93 10 10 60
96 – 100 2 98 15 15 30

TOTAL
Example
Frequen Class
Score

66 – 70
cy (f)
2
Mark (x)
68 – 15 15 30
𝑴𝑫=
∑ 𝒇 |𝒙 − 𝒙|
71 – 75 6 73 – 10 10 60 𝒏
76 – 80 10 78 – 5 5 50 𝟐𝟖𝟎
81 – 85 14 83 0 0 0 𝑴𝑫 =
86 – 90 10 88 5 5 50 𝟓𝟎
91 – 95
96 – 100
6
2
93
98
10
15
10
15
60
30
𝑴𝑫=𝟓.𝟔
TOTAL
STANDARD DEVIATION &
VARIANCE
The variance of a population is equal to the sum of the
squared deviations about the mean divided by the number
of scores.

The standard deviation is equal to the square root of the

variance.
The variance of a population and population standard deviation for
ungrouped data can be computed from the formula:

Variance of a Standard Deviation of a

Population Population (Ungrouped Data)
(Ungrouped Data)

√
𝟐 𝟐
𝝈 =𝛴 ¿¿ 𝝈=
𝛴 ( 𝒙 −𝝁)
𝑵 −𝟏
= variance of a population = population standard
deviation
= values observations in = population mean
the
population = total number of
observations
in the population
The variance of a sample and sample standard deviation for
ungrouped data can be computed from the formula:

Variance of a Standard Deviation of a

Sample (Ungrouped Sample (Ungrouped Data)
Data)

𝟐
𝒔 =𝛴 ¿ ¿
= variance of a sample
𝒔=
√
𝛴 ( 𝒙 − 𝒙)𝟐
𝒏−𝟏
= sample standard
= values observations deviation
= sample mean
in the
sample = total number of
observations
in the sample
Example:

180
190
200
210
220
Example:

180
190
200
210
220

𝒙=𝟐𝟎𝟎
Example:

180 – 20
190 – 10
200 0
210 10
220 20

𝒙=𝟐𝟎𝟎
Example:

180 – 20 400
190 – 10 100
200 0 0
210 10 100
220 20 400

𝒙=𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝛴 ¿
Example: Variance of a
Sample (Ungrouped
Data)

𝟐
180
190
– 20
– 10
400
100
𝒔 =𝛴 ¿ ¿
200 0 0
210 10 100 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
¿ ¿
𝟓 −𝟏 𝟒
220 20 400

𝒙=𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝛴 ¿ 𝟐
𝒔 =𝟐𝟓𝟎
Example: Standard Deviation of a
Sample (Ungrouped Data)

180
190
200
– 20
– 10
0
400
100
0
𝒔=¿
√
𝛴 (𝒙 − 𝒙 )𝟐
𝒏−𝟏

210
220
10
20
100
400 √
¿
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟓 −𝟏
¿
√𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟒
𝒙=𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝛴 ¿ 𝒔=𝟏𝟓. 𝟖𝟏
¿ √ 𝟐𝟓𝟎
The variance of a population and population standard deviation for
grouped data can be computed from the formula:

Variance of a Standard Deviation of a

Population (Grouped Population (Grouped Data)
Data)

𝝈=√ 𝛴 𝒇 ¿¿¿
𝟐
𝝈 =𝛴 𝒇 ¿¿
= variance of a population = population standard
deviation
= class mark = population mean

= frequency = total number of

observations
in the population
The variance of a sample and sample standard deviation for
grouped data can be computed from the formula:

Variance of a Standard Deviation of a

Sample (Grouped Sample (Grouped Data)
Data)

𝒔=√ 𝛴 𝒇 ¿¿¿
𝟐
𝒔 =𝛴 𝒇 ¿ ¿
= variance of a sample = sample standard
= class mark deviation
= sample mean
= frequency = total number of
observations
in the sample
Example:
Frequency
Score
(f)
66 – 70 2
71 – 75 6
76 – 80 10
81 – 85 14
86 – 90 10
91 – 95 6
96 – 100 2

TOTAL
Example:
Frequenc
Score
y (f)
66 – 70 2
71 – 75 6
76 – 80 10
81 – 85 14
86 – 90 10
91 – 95 6
96 – 100 2

TOTAL
Example:
Frequenc Class
Score
y (f) Mark (x)
66 – 70 2
71 – 75 6
76 – 80 10
81 – 85 14
86 – 90 10
91 – 95 6
96 – 100 2

TOTAL
Example:
Frequenc Class
Score
y (f) Mark (x)
66 – 70 2 68
71 – 75 6 73
76 – 80 10 78
81 – 85 14 83
86 – 90 10 88
91 – 95 6 93
96 – 100 2 98

TOTAL
Example:
Frequenc Class
Score
y Mark
66 – 70 2 68
71 – 75 6 73
76 – 80 10 78
81 – 85 14 83
86 – 90 10 88
91 – 95 6 93
96 – 100 2 98

TOTAL
Example:
Frequenc Class
Score
y Mark
66 – 70 2 68
71 – 75 6 73
76 – 80 10 78
81 – 85 14 83
86 – 90 10 88
91 – 95 6 93
96 – 100 2 98

TOTAL
Example:
Frequenc Class
Score
y Mark
66 – 70 2 68 – 15
71 – 75 6 73 – 10
76 – 80 10 78 – 5
81 – 85 14 83 0
86 – 90 10 88 5
91 – 95 6 93 10
96 – 100 2 98 15

TOTAL
Example:
Frequenc Class
Score
y Mark
66 – 70 2 68 – 15
71 – 75 6 73 – 10
76 – 80 10 78 – 5
81 – 85 14 83 0
86 – 90 10 88 5
91 – 95 6 93 10
96 – 100 2 98 15

TOTAL
Example:
Frequenc Class
Score
y Mark
66 – 70 2 68 – 15 225
71 – 75 6 73 – 10 100
76 – 80 10 78 – 5 25
81 – 85 14 83 0 0
86 – 90 10 88 5 25
91 – 95 6 93 10 100
96 – 100 2 98 15 225

TOTAL
Example:
Frequenc Class
Score
y Mark
66 – 70 2 68 – 15 225
71 – 75 6 73 – 10 100
76 – 80 10 78 – 5 25
81 – 85 14 83 0 0
86 – 90 10 88 5 25
91 – 95 6 93 10 100
96 – 100 2 98 15 225

TOTAL
Example:
Frequenc Class
Score
y Mark
66 – 70 2 68 – 15 225 450
71 – 75 6 73 – 10 100 600
76 – 80 10 78 – 5 25 250
81 – 85 14 83 0 0 0
86 – 90 10 88 5 25 250
91 – 95 6 93 10 100 600
96 – 100 2 98 15 225 450

TOTAL
Example:
Variance of a
Frequen Class Sample (Grouped
Score
cy Mark Data)
66 – 70 2 68 – 15 225 450
𝟐
71 – 75
76 – 80
6
10
73
78
– 10
– 5
100
25
600
250
𝒔 =𝛴 𝒇 ¿ ¿
81 – 85 14 83 0 0 0
86 – 90 10 88 5 25 250
𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟎
91 – 95 6 93 10 100 600 ¿
𝟓 𝟎− 𝟏
96 – 100 2 98 15 225 450

TOTAL

𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝟐
𝒔 =𝟓𝟑 . 𝟎𝟔 ¿
𝟒𝟗
Example:
Standard Deviation of a
Sample (Grouped Data)
Frequen Class
Score
cy Mark
66 – 70 2 68 – 15 25 450
71 – 75
76 – 80
81 – 85
6
10
14
73
78
83
– 10
– 5
0
100
25
0
600
250
0
𝒔=¿
√
𝛴 𝒇 (𝒙 − 𝒙)𝟐
𝒏 −𝟏

√
86 – 90 10 88 5 25 250
91 – 95 6 93 10 100 600 𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟎
¿
96 – 100 2 98 15 225 450 𝟓𝟎 −𝟏
TOTAL

𝒔=𝟕 . 𝟐𝟖 ¿ √ 𝟓𝟑 . 𝟎𝟔
Test I. Find the Mean Deviation, Variance, and Standard
Deviation for Ungrouped Data

100
95
90
85
80
75
Test II. Find the Mean Deviation, variance, and standard
deviation for Grouped Data
Frequenc Class
Score f
y (f) Mark (x)
10 – 15 9
16 – 21 12
22 – 27 11
28 – 33 13
34 – 39 4
40 – 45 7
46 – 51 4

TOTAL
Test I. Find the Mean Deviation, Variance, and Standard
Deviation for Ungrouped Data

100
95
90
85
80
75
Test II. Find the Mean Deviation, variance, and standard
deviation for Grouped Data
Frequenc Class
Score
y (f) Mark (x)
10 – 15 9
16 – 21 12
22 – 27 11
28 – 33 13
34 – 39 4
40 – 45 7
46 – 51 4

TOTAL