Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel

City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan

College of Education

Program Bachelor of Elementary/Secondary Education

Course Code PROED 9 / EDUCMS 4
Description Assessment of Student Learning I

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 8

Name ________________________________________________ Score _________________

Date ________________________________________________ Section _________________

Topic Measures of Variability

Learning 1. Find and interpret the measures of variation of a set of values or scores;
Objectives 2. Determine the measure of variation that best represents a set of values or scores; and
3. Use measures of variation in interpreting test scores.
.
References Navarro, Rosita L; Santos, Rosita G; & Corpuz, Brenda B. (2017), Assessment of Learning I (3rd
ed):Lorimar Publishing Inc. Quezon City, Philippines
Reganit, Arnulfo Aaron R; Elicay, Ronaldo SP; & Laguerta, Cresencia C. (2010) Assessment of Learning
I: C & E Publishing , Inc. Quezon City, Philippines.
Cajigal Ronan M. and Mantuano, Maria Leflor D. (2014)). Assessment of Learning 2: Adriana Publishing
C., Inc. Manila & Quezon City, Philippines.

Discussion
This portion describes how spread the scores or collected data are. The characteristics of a particular variable
that you are investigating is known as variation. It includes several measures of dispersion for interval, nominal and
ordinal data. The importance of the measure of variability can be associated, however, when you start studying the test of
hypothesis.
In view of how spread the scores of the group of students are, there are two terms to remember:
1. Homogeneous group is composed of students who have similar ability levels i.e., r their scores or ratings
are close with one another).. Examples of scores obtained by homogeneous group of students:
Group A: 91, 92, 93, 94, 95 Group C: 80, 81, 83, 85 , 83
Group B: 6, 5, 3, 4, 2, 0, 1 Group D: 65, 67, 68, 69, 67

2. Heterogeneous group is composed of students who have different ability levels (i.e., their scores / ratings
are far from one another). Examples of scores obtained by heterogeneous group of students.
Group 1: 10, 15, 25, 75, 86 Group 3: 0, 19, 45, 30, 57
Group 2: 30, 41, 56, 69, 93 Group 4: 55, 63, 40, 70, 86

Measures of Variability for Ungrouped Data

Range for Ungroup Data. If you subtract the lowest score from the highest score, you get the range for ungroup
data. The range ( R ) is the difference or distance between the highest score (HS) and lowest score LS).
Example: Find the range of distribution if the highest score (HS) is 100 and the lowest score (LS) is 21.
Solution:
Range = HS - LS Interpretation: The range of 79 is the difference or distance between the
Range = 100 - 21
Range = 79 ( Answer) highest score and the lowest score.

Range for Grouped Data. To find the range for frequency distribution, just get the difference between the
upper limit of the highest class (plus .5) and the lower limit of the lowest class interval (minus .5). Then get the
difference between the lowest class of lower limit minus .5 and the highest class of upper limit plus .5.

Example: Find the range for the frequency distribution shown below.
Class Interval Frequency (f) Solution
(ci =5)
100 - 104 4
105 - 109 6 Range = Highest Class Upper Limit + .5 - Lowest Class
110 - 114 10 Lower Limit -.5
115 - 119 13 Range = 134.5 – 99.5
120 - 124 8 Range = 35 (Answer)
125 - 129 6
130 - 134 3 Interpretation: The range of 35 is the difference / distance
N = 50 between the upper limit and lower limit.

The range, like the mode, is very unstable measure of statistics. It can vary from sample to sample. The range
can be used justifiably, however, when you want a quick measure of variability and you do not have time to compute other
measures of variability.
 Standard Deviation for Ungroup Data. Of all the measures of variability, the standard deviation (SD / sd / Sd)
is the most widely employed because it is used in so many statistical operations. The formula for the standard deviation
for ungrouped data is:
Formula: Where:
______ SD / sd / Sd = standard deviation
SD = √ ΣX 2
F / f = the frequency for every class interval
N D = Score (X) – Mean ( X )
D2 = multiply the deviation by itself or (D x D)
M = the mid-value or midpoint (center score) for every class interval
N = the total frequency of scores
X 2 = the mean that is squared

Steps in computing the mean using formula for ungrouped data:

1. Construct a 3-column matrix showing the Scores (X) - 1 st column, Deviation (D) - 2 nd column, and Deviation
Squared ( D2) - 3rd column;
2. Arrange the scores (X) from lowest to highest an enter in the 1 st column;;
3. After the matrix is completed, compute the mean ( X ) of the given scores;
4. Subtract each score (X) from the mean ( x ) to get the deviation (D) and enter in the 2 nd column;
Example: 3-15 = -12
5. Square each deviation (D) to get deviation squared (D 2) and enter in the 3rd column;
Example: -12 x -12 = 144
6. Add all the deviation squared (D2) to get the summation of deviation squared (ΣD2);
7. Count the list of scores in the given to get the N; and
8. Apply the formula for computing standard deviation for ungrouped data.

Example: Find the standard deviation for ungrouped data (scores): 25, 23, 21, 19, 17, 15, 13, 9, 6, 3.

Scores (X) Deviation (D) Deviation Squared (D2) Computation of the Mean
3 -12 144 for ungroup formula
5 -10 100
9 -6 36 3+5+9+13+15+17+19+21+23
13 -2 4 +25 = 150
15 0 0 N = 10
17 2 4 Mean = ΣX ÷ N
19 4 16 Mean = 150 ÷ 10
21 6 36 Mean = 15
23 8 64
25 10 100
N =10 ΣD2 = 504

Compute the standard deviation for ungrouped data

Step 1 SD = √ ΣD2 Note:
N **SD bigger than 3 means the
group is heterogeneous or
Step 2 SD = √ 504 composed of students with
different ability levels.
10
**SD of 3 or smaller means the
Step 3 SD = √ 50.4 group is homogeneous or
composed of students with
similar ability levels.
Step 4 SD = SD =7.10 Answer
Interpretation:
The obtained standard deviation (sd) of 7.10 is higher
than 3. It implies that the group is heterogeneous or composed of
students with different ability levels.

Standard Deviation for Grouped Data. In the absence of computer and the data or scores is big This standard
deviation for grouped data will be used. Of course, the class interval is employed. The standard deviation for grouped
data formula is shown below.

Formula: Where:
_____________ SD/sd = the standard deviation
SD = = √ ΣfM2 F/f = the frequency for every class interval
--------- - X 2 M = the midpoint for every class interval
N N = the total frequency of scores
X2 = the mean that is squared

Steps in computing the mean using formula for grouped data:

1. Construct a 6-column matrix showing the class interval –column 1, the f-column 2, the M –column 3, fM-
column 4, M2 –column 5, and fM2 –column 6;
 2. Enter the class interval under column 1;
3. Enter the frequency (f) of each class interval under column 2;
4. Enter the midpoint or center score of every class interval (M) under column 3;
5. Multiply the f and M to get fM and enter the product under column 4
6. Multiply the M by itself to get Midpoint squared (M 2) and enter under column 5; and
7. Multiply the M and fM to get fM2 and enter the product under column 6.
8. Compute the mean for grouped data (Follow the formula for grouped data ( X =ΣfM 2/N); and
9. Apply the formula of standard deviation using grouped data formula.

Example: Solve the standard deviation of the following distribution of scores.

Class Interval f M fM M2 fM2
30 - 34 2 32 64 1024 2048
35 - 39 3 37 111 1369 4107
40 - 44 6 42 252 1764 10584
45 - 49 7 47 329 2209 15463
50 - 54 8 52 416 2704 21632
55 - 59 7 57 399 3249 22743
60 - 64 5 62 310 3844 19220
65 - 69 4 67 268 4489 17956
70 - 74 2 72 144 5184 10368
N = 44 ΣfM = 2293 ΣfM2 =124121

Computation of the mean for grouped data:

Step 1: X = ΣfM/N
Step 2: X = 2293/44
Step 3: X = 52.11

Computation of standard deviation for grouped data:

Step 1: _____________
SD = √ ΣfM2
--------- - X 2
N

Step 2:
_________________
SD = √ 124121
--------- - (52.11)2
44
Step 3:
_____________________
SD = √ 2820.9318 - 2715.4521

Step 4:
____________
SD = √ 1005.4797

Step 5:

SD = 10.27 (Answer)

Interpretation: The obtained standard deviation of 10.27 is greater than 3; hence it implies that the group is
heterogeneous or composed of students with different ability levels.

Variance. This is another statistic to describe variability. This statistic is called the variance and is simply
standard deviation squared (S)2
Formula for Variance: V = S2
Example:

V = (S)2
V = (10.27)2
V = 105.4729

Practice Exercises: Self Review

Set A
1. Is measure of variability the same with dispersion? Why?
2. Of the several measures of variability, which is the most fluctuating Why?Is the standard deviation the best
measure of variability?
 3. Why do you need to compute the measures of variability for your data?
Set B
1. Solve the range of the following scores ---- 4, 6, 6, 5,
2. Compute the standard deviation for the set of raw data 13, 13, 11, 10, 9.

Set C
Compute the range, standard deviation and variance for the following data using ungrouped data formula.

83 60 59 52 46 40 28 64 19 44 32
48 55 61 66 74 24 40 46 52 58 63
69 80 20 34 44 49 56 62 66 74 22
39 45 51 58 63 69 76 75 68 62 57
50 45 35 21 72 65 61 53 47 43 21
18 72 65 61 52 47 42 30 14 70

Test Activity

Direction: On a separate sheet of paper, copy correctly the given data and solve the following problems
based on the discussion and presentation above. Pass your hard copy to your leader.

1. The following are the scores of 10 students in four quizzes. Using the ungrouped data formula solve for the
range, standard deviation and variance of each set of data. Interpret the results.

a. 22 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 10
b. 20 18 17 16 16 16 16 14 14 8
c. 26 25 25 24 24 24 24 22 22 20
d. 28 28 28 27 27 27 27 26 26 25

2. Using the grouped data formula with class interval of 3 or 5, compute the range, standard deviation and variance.
Interpret your answer.

51 42 36 32 25 24 31 36 42 51
53 42 36 31 23 21 30 35 42 50
51 41 35 29 20 28 29 35 40 49
48 40 34 28 27 28 27 34 39 48
46 38 33 27 26 25 26 32 38 46
25 26 32 37 44 24 25 32 36 44

Prepared by:

JULIETA E. SICLON
Professor