Network Programming

Computer Network Review

School of Information and Communication Technology,
Hanoi University of Science and Technology
References
[1] W.Richard Stevens, Unix Network Programming Vol.1, 3rd Ed., Prentice
Hall.
[2] Keir Davis, John W. Turner, and Nathan Yocom, The Definitive Guide to
Linux Network Programming, Apress.
[3] Michael Donahoo, Kenneth Calvert, TCP/IP Sockets in C: Practical Guide
for Programmers, Elsevier.

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Content
• Computer Networks
• OSI and TCP/IP models
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• Transport layer, TCP, UDP
• Network application models
• Socket concept

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Computer Networks
• Inter-connection of nodes mobile network
by transport medium
following some architecture: global ISP

• Using a topology: bus, star,

ring, hybrid… home
network
• Using some communication regional ISP
protocols

institutional
network

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OSI and TCP/IP models

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OSI and TCP/IP models
• Application layer: defines communication between different
parts of the same application
• Presentation layer: application data representation, data
encryption, compression, conversion…
• Session layer: manages sessions, synchronization, recovery of
data transmission process
• Transport layer: Transmits data between applications
• Network layer: Transmits data between distance network
elements: Taking care of routing and forwarding data
• Data link layer: Transmits data between adjacent network
elements.
• Physical layer: Transmits bits on the medium. Converting
bits to physical form appropriate to the medium.

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OSI and TCP/IP models
• OSI model: reference model
• TCP model: Internet model
• Transport layer: TCP/UDP
• Network layer: IP + routing protocols.

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Internet protocols mapping on TCP/IP

PING

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OSI and TCP/IP models
• Layering Makes it Easier
• Application programmer
• Doesn’t need to send IP packets
• Doesn’t need to send Ethernet frames
• Doesn’t need to know how TCP implements reliability
• Only need a way to pass the data down
• Socket is the API to access transport layer functions

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Internet Protocol (IP)
• IP: Internet Protocol
• Forward data packet between distance network nodes
(routers or hosts)
• Using routing table built by routing protocols such as OSPF,
RIP …
• IP address
• Is assigned to each network interface
• IP v4: 32 bits
• 133.113.215.10
• IP v6: 128 bits
• 2001:200:0:8803::53
• A host may have a domain name
• Conversion IP <-> domain name: DNS
• Ex: soict.hust.edu.vn <--> 202.191.56.65
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IP Packet

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Transport Layer

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Transport Layer
• How data from different
applications between two hosts
can be delivered to right
application?
• Each application process is
assigned a transport port (16 bits)
• Application sends data to the
transport layer through the port.
• Socket:
• Application access point for
application
• It is a combination of (Address IP,
transport port)
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Transport Layer - UDP
• MUX/DeMUX
• Best effort
• Connectionless
• Send independent
datagrams
• Drop error datagrams
• No congestion control

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Transport Layer - TCP
• Connection oriented protocol
• 3-step connection opening
• Reliable protocol
• Re-transmission on error
• Flow control
• Congestion control

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Transport Layer - UDP
• Each process uses a port to communicate with other
process
• One process can communicate with several others using
UDP

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Transport Layer - TCP

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Transport Layer - TCP

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Life cycle of TCP connection

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Network application models
• Client/Server
• Peer-to-peer
• Hybrid

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Network application models

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Network application models
• Client asks (request) – server provides (response)
• Typically: single server - multiple clients
• The server does not need to know anything about the client
• The client should always know something about the server
• Where it is located (IP Address, Domain Name)
• Service port to connect (80, 443, 20, 21, etc.)

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Network application models
• No central server
• Peers have equal role
• Peers can communicate
directly to each other
• Peers do not need to be
always online
• E.g. Gnutella, Emule

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Network application models
• Central server manages user
accounts, authentification,
stores data for searching
process …
• Clients communicate directly
after authentication process
• E.g., Skype
• Server manages login process.
• Messages, voices are
transmitted directly between
servers.

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Socket
• Sockets as means for inter-process communication
(IPC)
• The interface that the OS provides to its networking
subsystem

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Socket - Connection

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Socket - Connection
• Need to open two sockets of both sides
• Client socket
• Server socket
• Client application send/receive data to server
through client socket
• Server application send/receive data to client
through client socket
• Make two sockets talking to each other

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Q&A

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