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Modesoffailureofretainingwalls 130317051805 Phpapp01

The document discusses retaining walls, their types, and modes of failure, including sliding, overturning, bearing capacity, shallow shear, and deep shear failures. It provides case studies of retaining wall collapses, highlighting the causes such as groundwater pressure and snow melt. The document serves as an overview of the structural integrity and risks associated with retaining walls.

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civilengineerassadullah
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18 views28 pages

Modesoffailureofretainingwalls 130317051805 Phpapp01

The document discusses retaining walls, their types, and modes of failure, including sliding, overturning, bearing capacity, shallow shear, and deep shear failures. It provides case studies of retaining wall collapses, highlighting the causes such as groundwater pressure and snow melt. The document serves as an overview of the structural integrity and risks associated with retaining walls.

Uploaded by

civilengineerassadullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODES OF FAILURE

OF RETAINING WALLS

NAME:- Ritesh A. Chinchawade


MIS:- 121221014
RETAINING WALLS
 The structures which are constructed to
retain the earth or other loose material
which are unable to stand vertically by itself
are called as “retaining walls”.

 They can also be used to support grounds


at different levels on both sides of wall.

 The material retained by wall is called as


“backfill”.
TYPES OF RETAINING WALLS
On the basis of shape & mode of resisting
pressure due to backfill.

1. Gravity retaining wall


2. Semi-Gravity retaining wall
3. Cantilever retaining wall
4. Counterfort retaining wall
5. Buttress wall
1. GRAVITY RETAINING
WALL

•The walls which resists the earth pressure due to backfill by its
own weight.

•They are constructed with stone masonry or plain concrete.


2. SEMI-GRAVITY RETAINING
WALL

• The size of section of a gravity retaining wall may


be reduced if a small amount of reinforcement is
provided near the back face. Such walls are known
as Semi-gravity retaining wall.
3.CANTILEVER RETAINING
WALL

• Cantilever retaining walls are made of reinforced cement concrete.

• The wall consist of a thin stem and a base slab cast monolithically.
4. COUNTERFORT RETAINING
WALL

• Counterfort retaining walls have thin vertical slabs, known as


Counterfort, spaced across the vertical stem at regular intervals.

• Counterforts tie vertical stem with the base slab.

•The purpose of providing Counterfort is to reduce shear force


&bending moment in the vertical stem & the base slab.
5. BUTTRESS WALL

• It is similar to the Counterfort retaining wall in which Counterfort,


called as buttresses are provided on the opposite side of the backfill
& act as compression struts.
MODES OF FAILURE

There
Sliding Failure
are 5 Overturning
Failure
types of Bearing capacity
Failure
modes Shallow shear
Failure

of Deep shear
Failure

failure
1. SLIDING FAILURE
 Sliding failure is nothing but sliding of wall away from
backfill when there is shearing failure at the base of wall.

 The Factor of safety against sliding is,

< 1.5

where,
µ = coefficient of friction = tan δ

= vertical & horizontal components of


resultant R of weight of wall & earth
pressure
2. OVERTURNING FAILURE
 Overturning failure is rotation of wall about its
toe due to exceeding of moment caused due
to overturning forces to resisting forces.
 The Factor of safety against overturning is
given by,

< 1.5 - 2.0


where,
= sum of resisting moment about toe

= sum of overturning moment about


toe
3. BEARING CAPACITY
FAILURE
 The pressure exerted by resultant vertical
force at toe of wall must no exceed the
allowable bearing capacity of the soil.

 The pressure distribution is assumed to be


linear.

 The maximum pressure is given by,

The Factor of safety against bearing failure is,


< 3.0
where,
= allowable bearing pressure
4. SHALLOW SHEAR
FAILURE
 This type of failure occurs along a cylindrical
surface ABC passing through the heel of
retaining wall as shown in above fig.

 The failure takes place because of excessive


shear stresses along the cylindrical surface
within the soil mass.

 The FOS against horizontal sliding is lower


than that for shallow shear failure.

 However, FOS against sliding is greater than


1.5, shallow shear failure is not likely to occur.
5. DEEP SHEAR FAILURE
 This type of slope failure occurs along a
cylindrical surface ABC as shown in above fig,
when there is a weak layer of soil under the wall
at a depth of about 1.5 times ht. of wall.

 The critical failure surface is found by trial &


error method.

 For the backfills having slope i less than 10º, it


has been seen that critical failure surface DEF
passes through the edge of heel slab as shown in
above fig.

 In this condition possibility of excessive


settlement should also be checked.
CASE STUDY
1. RETAINING WALL COLLAPSE AT CASTLE VILLAGE ON 12TH MAY 2005
 The castle village is located in historic Washington
heights section of Manhattan.

 The wall is owned by Castle village owner’s corporation.

 Five buildings, 575 unit co-operative housing complex is


located on the top of hill behind the wall.

 On Thursday, May 12, 2005 at approx 4:00 pm, a portion


of a 65 foot high stone retaining wall on side of bluff
rising above Hudson river suddenly collapsed.

 About 10 minutes later second larger collapse followed as


150 feet section of 800 foot long wall and covered Henry
Hudson parkway.

 Fortunately, there were no deaths or even injuries.


 The collapse was cause of structural failure
resulting from increased pressure developed
behind the wall due to build up of ground water
throughout the years.

 Langan Engg. & Environmental services was the


firm inspecting, evaluating and making
recommendations about & repair certain areas of
retaining walls.

 The retaining wall has moved about 2 feet from its


initial position when it was constructed.

 Hence this case is remarkable case of sliding of


retaining wall.
2. Retaining wall failure in Austria on 30th October
2012
 The landslide triggered due snow melt
caused this retaining wall failure.

 It was due to overturning of wall due to


excessive overturning moment caused by
pressure generated by snow melt.

 It fell on the carriageway & Unfortunately it


fell onto a truck, killing the driver.
Thank
You
ANY
QUESTIONS
??????

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