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MVS_Basic_Introduction

The document provides an introduction to machine vision, covering its fundamental concepts, image representation, and properties. It discusses the nature of vision, applications, benefits, challenges, and types of machine vision systems, including 1D, 2D, and 3D systems. Additionally, it addresses image types, sampling, resolution, and references for further reading.

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Shafeek A
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11 views22 pages

MVS_Basic_Introduction

The document provides an introduction to machine vision, covering its fundamental concepts, image representation, and properties. It discusses the nature of vision, applications, benefits, challenges, and types of machine vision systems, including 1D, 2D, and 3D systems. Additionally, it addresses image types, sampling, resolution, and references for further reading.

Uploaded by

Shafeek A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Electronics and Communication

Engineering
Unit 1 – Introduction to Machine Vision

Mr.A.Shafeek, AP/ECE
Dr.MCET,Pollachi

1
Unit I: Introduction To Machine Vision
The nature of vision - tasks for a vision system –
The image: representations and properties -
mathematical and physical background - Data
structures for image analysis - Basic Image
Filtering Operations

Department of ECE Introduction to MVS 2


Course Outcome(CO)
CO1: Describe the fundamental concepts in machine vision
systems by studying the fundamental concepts of image
representation and its properties

Learning Outcome(LO)
LO1: Understand the concept of Machine Vision

Department of ECE Introduction to MVS 3


The nature of Vision
Image processing is a signal processing task that transforms an
input image into a more desirable output image through processes
such as noise reduction, contrast enhancement and registration
Pattern recognition is a classification task that classifies images
into predetermined categories.
Machine vision can be defined as a scientific field that extracts
information out of digital images. The type of information gained
from an image can vary from identification, space measurements for
navigation, or augmented reality applications.
Or
Machine vision is building algorithms that can understand the
content of images and use it for other applications
Introduction to MVS 4
Understanding human vision
Definition of vision
Vision comes down to two components
1) sensing device
2) interpreting device

How good is the human visual system?


Speed
Fooling humans
Lessons from nature

Introduction to MVS 5
Understanding human vision
Extracting information from images
Information gained from images in Machine vision is divided in
two categories:
measurements

semantic information

Introduction to MVS 6
Applications
Applications of computer vision
Special effects
3D urban modeling
Scene recognition
Face detection
Optical Character Recognition
Mobile visual search
Self-driving cars
Automatic checkout
Vision-based interaction Augmented Reality Virtual Reality

Introduction to MVS 7
The components of a typical
machine vision system

Introduction to MVS 8
The components of a typical
machine vision system

Introduction to MVS 9
Benefits of MVS
Strategic Goals Application
Higher Quality Inspection, Measurement, Gauging
and Assembly verification
Increased Productivity Automatic Repetitive testing
Lower production cost One vision system Vs Many human
Reduced floor space Operator space
Continuous process control Repeatability
Inventory control Recognition and identification

Prevent human contamination Clean rooms


Protect human workers Hazardous environment

Introduction to MVS 10
Challenges of MVS
Appearance Changes due to lighting Part pose distortion

Introduction to MVS 11
Types of MVS
 1D vision system

 2D vision system

 3D vision systems

Introduction to MVS 12
1D vision system
 Scan one line at a time instead of
looking all the area
 This technique can be used to
identify defects on materials
manufactured in continuous
process like
 Paper
 Metal
 Plastics etc.,

Introduction to MVS 13
2D vision system
 Line scan systems have
 cameras perform area scans that
involve capturing 2D snapshots in specific advantages
various resolutions over area scan systems
 unwrap cylindrical
objects for inspection
 add vision to space-
constrained
environments
 meet high-resolution
inspection
requirements
 inspect objects in
Introduction to MVS
continuous14motion
3D vision system
 3D machine vision systems
typically comprise multiple
cameras or one or more laser
displacement sensors.
 These systems involve multiple
cameras mounted at different
locations and “triangulation” on
an objective position in 3-D space

Introduction to MVS 15
Image Types
Binary Images

Grayscale Images

Color Images

Introduction to MVS 16
Sampling and Resolution
Resolution is a sampling parameter, defined in dots per inch (DPI).
The standard DPI value for screens is 72 DPI.

Pixels are quantized (i.e, all pixels (or channels of a pixel) have one
of a set numbers of values (usually [0, 255]). Quantization and
sampling loses information due to a finite precision.

Introduction to MVS 17
Image Formation

Introduction to MVS 18
Image Representation

Introduction to MVS 19
Image Formation Model

Introduction to MVS 20
Reference(s)

1. Carsten Steger, Markus Ulrich, and Christian Wiedemann,


” Machine Vision Algorithms and Applications” Wiley-VCH;
1 edition (2007)

2. E.R.DAVIES, Computer and Machine Vision: Theory,


Algorithms,Practicalities, Academic Press(2012).

Department of ECE Introduction to MVS 21


Thank you

Department of ECE Introduction to MVS 22

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