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Dlco

The document provides an overview of computer basics, defining a computer as an electronic machine that processes data through stored instructions. It categorizes types of computers, including personal computers, notebook computers, workstations, enterprise systems, and supercomputers, each serving different purposes. Additionally, it outlines the functional units of a computer, including the input unit, CPU, output unit, and storage unit, detailing their roles in processing and managing data.

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keerthiyaram2005
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20 views9 pages

Dlco

The document provides an overview of computer basics, defining a computer as an electronic machine that processes data through stored instructions. It categorizes types of computers, including personal computers, notebook computers, workstations, enterprise systems, and supercomputers, each serving different purposes. Additionally, it outlines the functional units of a computer, including the input unit, CPU, output unit, and storage unit, detailing their roles in processing and managing data.

Uploaded by

keerthiyaram2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC STRUCTURE

OF COMPUTERS
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

• A computer can be defined as a fast electronic calculating machine


that accepts the (data) digitized input information process it
according to a list of internally stored instructions and produces the
resulting output information.
• List of instructions are called computer program and internal storage
is called computer memory.
TYPES OF COMPUTER:

• 1. Personal computers: - This is the most common type found in


homes, schools, Business offices etc., It is the most common type of
desk top computers with processing and storage units along with
various input and output devices.
• 2. Note book computers: - These are compact and portable versions of
PC
• 3. Work stations: - These have high resolution input/output (I/O)
graphics capability, but with same dimensions as that of desktop
computer. These are used in engineering applications of interactive
design work.
4. Enterprise systems: - These are used for business data
processing in medium to large corporations that require much more
computing power and storage capacity than work stations.
Internets associated with servers have become a dominant
worldwide source of all types of information.
5. Super computers: - These are used for large scale numerical
calculations required in the applications like weather forecasting
and aircraft design and simulation.
FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF COMPUTER
 Input Unit:
• Function: The input unit consists of input devices that are attached to
the computer. These devices capture input (data or instructions) and
convert it into binary language (the format the computer can
understand).
• Examples: Common input devices include the keyboard, mouse,
joystick, scanner, etc.

 Central Processing Unit (CPU):


• Function: The CPU is often referred to as the brain of the computer.
It is responsible for processing data and controlling the entire
computer system. It performs computations, makes decisions, and
manages data flow in and out of memory.
Main Components:
• Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU): Performs mathematical
calculations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and
logical operations (comparisons like larger, smaller, or equal).
• Control Unit (CU): Directs the operation of the processor. It
fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and executes
them by coordinating with other parts of the computer.
• Memory Registers: Small, high-speed storage locations within
the CPU that temporarily hold data and instructions during
processing.
 Output Unit:
• Function: The output unit provides the result of computations and
processing performed by the CPU to the user. It converts the
computer’s processed data into a form that humans can
understand, such as visual display, printed paper, or sound.
• Examples: Common output devices include monitors, printers,
and speakers.
 Storage Unit:
• Function: The storage unit stores data and instructions before
and after processing. It is categorized into two types:
• Primary Storage (RAM): Temporarily holds data that is being
processed. It is volatile, meaning the data is lost when the power
is turned off.
• Secondary Storage (Hard Drives, SSDs): Provides long-term
storage for data and programs. It is non-volatile, meaning the
data remains stored even when the computer is turned off.
These components work together to allow the computer to function
effectively, processing input, performing operations, and providing output.
THANK YOU

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