Scribd
Upload
22 views67 pages

Fermentation Modified Corrected

The document discusses various types of bioreactors used for fermentation, including bubble column, airlift, fluidized bed, packed bed, and photobioreactors. Each type has distinct designs and operational efficiencies, with airlift bioreactors being noted for better mixing and performance in dense suspensions. Photobioreactors are highlighted for their use of sunlight or artificial light to produce specific compounds, emphasizing the importance of continuous circulation and temperature control.

Uploaded by

Harshita Ranjan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views67 pages

Fermentation Modified Corrected

The document discusses various types of bioreactors used for fermentation, including bubble column, airlift, fluidized bed, packed bed, and photobioreactors. Each type has distinct designs and operational efficiencies, with airlift bioreactors being noted for better mixing and performance in dense suspensions. Photobioreactors are highlighted for their use of sunlight or artificial light to produce specific compounds, emphasizing the importance of continuous circulation and temperature control.

Uploaded by

Harshita Ranjan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 67

Growth of M.

O IN FERMENTOR
Batch
fermentation
Bubble column bioreactors In the bubble column bioreactor, the air or gas is
introduced at the base of the column through perforated pipes or plates, or
metal microporous spargers (Fig. 19.1B). The flow rate of the air/gas
influences the performance factors-O2 transfer, mixing. The bubble column
bioreactors may be fitted with perforated plates to improve performance. The
vessel used for bubble column bioreactors is usually cylindrical with an aspect
ratio of 4-6 (i.e., height to diameter ratio)
Airlift bioreactors
In the airlift bioreactors the medium of the vessels divided into two
interconnected zones by means of a baffle or draft tube. In one of the two
zones referred to a riser, the air/gas is pumped. The other zone that receives no
gas is the downcomer.
The dispersion flows up the riser zone while the down flow occurs in the
downcomer. There are two types of airlift bioreactors internal-loop airlift
bioreactor (Fig. 19.1C) has a single container with a central draft tube that
creates interior liquid circulation channels. These bioreactors are simple in
design, with volume and circulation at a fixed rate for fermentation.
External loop airlift bioreactor (Fig. 19.1 D) possesses an external loop so that
the liquid circulates through separate independent channels. These reactors can
be suitably modified to suit the requirements of different fermentations.
In general, the airlift bioreactors are more efficient than bubble columns,
particularly for more denser suspensions of microorganisms. This is mainly
because in these bioreactors, the mixing of the contents is better compared to
bubble columns
Fluidized bed bioreactors
Fluidized bed bioreactor is comparable to bubble column bioreactor except the top Position
is expanded to reduce the velocity of the fluid. The design of the fluidized bioreactors
(expanded top and narrow reaction column) is such that the solids are retained in the reactor
while the liquid flows out (Fig. 19.3A)
For an efficient operation of fludized beds, gas is sparged to create a suitable gas-liquid-
solid fluid bed. lt is also necessary t o ensure that the suspended solid particles
are not too light or too dense( too light ones may float whereas to dense ones may settle at
the bottom)and they are in a good suspended state. Recycling of the liquid is important to
maintain continuous contact between the reaction contents and biocatalysts. This enable
good efficiency of bioprocessing.

Packed bed bioreactors


A bed of solid particles, with biocatalysts on or within the matrix of solids, packed in a column
constitutes a packed bed bioreactor( Fig. 19.3B). The solids used may be porous or non-porous
gels, and they may be compressible or rigid in nature. A nutrient broth flows continuously over
the immobilized biocatalyst. The products obtained in the Packed bed bioreactor are released
into the fluid and removed. While the f low of the fluid can be upward or downward, downflow
under gravity is preferred.
The concentration of the nuirients (and therefore the products formed) can be increased by
increasing the flow rate of the nutrient broth.
Because of poor mixing, it is rather difficult to control the pH of packed bed bioreactors by,the
addition of acid or alkali.
Photobioreactors
These are the bioreactors specialised for fermentation that can be carried out either by exposing to sunlight or artificial
illumination. Since artificial illumination is expensive, only the out door photobioreactors are preferred. Certain important
compounds are produced by employing photobioreactores. Eg. Beta-carotene, asthaxanthin.
The photobioireactors is depicted in Fig. 19.4.They are made up of glass or more commonly transparent plastic.
The array of tubes or flat panels constitute light receiving systems( solar receivers).The culture can be circulated through
the solar receivers by methods such as using centrifugal pumps or air lift pumps. lt is essential that the cells are in
continuous circulation without forming sediments. Further adequate penetration of sunlight should be maintained. The
tubes should also be cooled to prevent rise in temperature
Purification
Techniques

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy