ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING DRAWING ; MEng1102
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DRAWING

Prepared by:- Mr. Tamrat Moges (MSc)

Reviewed by:- Mr. Cherinet Girma (MSc)
Mr. Idris Ilimi (MSc)
Date, 2024
16/04/2025
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Types of Drawings
3. History of Technical Drawing
4. Applications of Engineers Drawing
5. Drawing Standards
6. Drawing Instruments
Reference

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Learning Objectives
 Able to define drawing and explain its advantage for technical
communication.
 Identify drawing instruments, able to use and properly handle them.

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1.1. INTRODUCTION
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1.1. Definitions: What is drawing?
 A graphic representation of a real thing, an idea, or a proposed design
for later manufacturing or construction.
 Graphics language uses as a way of communicating all necessary
information about an abstraction such as an idea or a concept.
 This language is known as “drawing” or “drafting”

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1.1.2. Effectiveness of Graphics Language
1. Try to write a description of this object.

2. Test someone attempt to make a sketch from your

description.

You can easily understand that …

The word languages are inadequate for describing the size,

shape and features completely as well as concisely.

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1.1.3. Basic Elements of Engineering Drawing
Drawing as a Graphics language Word language

Lettering
Line Projection Geometric
types methods constructions

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Cont.…
Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language and word language.
Graphics language
Describe a shape
(mainly).

Word language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.

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1.1.4. Graphic Language
• Graphic language in “engineering application” use lines to
represent the surfaces, edges and contours of objects.
• A drawing can be done by freehand, or using instruments or
computer methods.

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A. Freehand drawing
• The lines are sketched without using instruments other than pencils
and erasers..
Example

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B. Instrument drawing
• Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and curves
concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are usually made to
scale.
Example

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C. Computer drawing method
• The drawings are usually made by commercial software such as
AutoCAD, solid works and Catia etc.
Example

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1.2. Types of Drawings
Drawing

Artistic Technical

Sketches Diagrams Engineering Drawings

(Conceptual) (Design) (Technical)

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Less technical More technical
1.2.1. Technical versus Artistic Drawing
 Technical drawing must communicate the same message to every
user or reader of the drawing, whereas an artistic drawing is usually
interpreted differently by everyone who sees it.

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1.2.2. Sketch versus Engineering Drawing
•Sketch: made without drawing tools... Just pencil and paper. Scale is
approximate, not accurate, but the sketch should still look like the
object.

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 Engineering Drawing: Made with drawing tools... Such as ruler, set
squares, protractor and compass. Scale should be accurate and the
drawing should be prepared carefully.

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 Engineers: are people who use technical means to solve problems.
They design products, systems, devices, and structures to improve
our living conditions.

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1.2.3. Engineering Drawing In Design Process

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1.3. HISTORY OF TECHNICAL
DRAWING
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 1.3.1 History of Drawing:
Drawing is one of the oldest forms of communication, dating back
even further than the verbal communication.
Historically drawing is started by the caveman.
 uses it for communication to lead his day to day life.

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Cont.…
 Egyptian hieroglyphics also play its own role for the development of
drawing.
 Leonardo da Vinci prepared mechanical drawings showing orthographic
views as we do now.

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Cont.…
Then Industrial revolution is one of the milestones for the
development of drawing.
From time to time several rules and principles are developed to
utilize drawing as efficient as possible.
It is about 1749 in which the drawing with the current conventional
representations came into existence by Washington DC civil
engineers.
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1.4. APPLICATIONS OF
ENGINEERS DRAWING
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1.5. DRAWING STANDARDS
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1.4.1. Drawing Sheet :
ISO standard size
c paper

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Cont.…

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1.4.2. Drawing paper:
• The following elements to be noticed over the format of our drawing
paper:
• Border line: it is the peripheral heaviest lines which enclose all drawings.
• Title Block: It is a box where all information about the drawing such as
drawn by, checked by, date, scale, title of drawing, drawing number and
company name are specified.
• Guide line: is the lightest line used to guide the height of alphabets.

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1.4.3. Drawing Scales
Scale: is a ratio between the linear dimension(Length and size) of a drawn
representation of an object and the actual object.

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 Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE” followed by the
indication of its ratio, as follows.
 SCALE 1:1 for full size
 SCALE X:1 (X > 1) for an enlargement scales
 SCALE 1:X (X > 1) for a reduction scales

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1.6. DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
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1.5.1. Drawing instruments:
 The preparation of technical drawing is
possible only through knowledge and skill in
the use of a variety of instruments.
 With the aid of knowledge, skill and practice
it is possible to bring perfection!

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 Pencils:
2H or HB for thick line
4H for thin line

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 DRAWING TOOLS

 T-Square (Set-Square)

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Cont….

 Protractor
Adhesive Tape

 Compass
 Divider

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Cont….

• Sharpener
•

Circle Template Clean paper

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Summary
 Drawing is a graphic representation of a real thing, an idea, or a proposed design for later
manufacturing or construction.
 Engineering drawing consists both graphics as well as word language.
 A drawing can be done either by freehand, or using instruments or computer methods.
 Engineers are people who use technical means to solve problems.
 There are different drawing instruments, such as pencil, set squares, compass, eraser, divider,
protractor and so on.
References
1. Theodore J. Branoff, Interpreting Engineering Drawings, 8th Edition, 2016.
2. Edinburgh Gate Harlow, Technical Drawing with Engineering Graphics,14th Edition, 2014
3. David A. Madsen, David P. Madsen, Engineering Drawing & Design, 6th Edition, 2017

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Thanks