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Private and Public Addresses

Private IP addresses are reserved for internal use within networks and are distinct from public IP addresses, which are necessary for internet connectivity. The IANA designates specific ranges for private IP addresses, allowing devices to communicate internally without using public IP space. Public IP addresses, assigned by ISPs, are unique identifiers for devices accessing the internet, while private IP addresses can be reused across different local networks without conflict.

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22 views15 pages

Private and Public Addresses

Private IP addresses are reserved for internal use within networks and are distinct from public IP addresses, which are necessary for internet connectivity. The IANA designates specific ranges for private IP addresses, allowing devices to communicate internally without using public IP space. Public IP addresses, assigned by ISPs, are unique identifiers for devices accessing the internet, while private IP addresses can be reused across different local networks without conflict.

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nelsonjuniorndlovu613
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Private IP Addresses

A private IP address is an IP address that's


reserved for internal use behind a router or
other Network Address Translation (NAT)
device, apart from the public.Private IP
addresses are in contrast to public IP address ,
which are public and can not be used within a
home or business network.Sometimes a
private IP address is also referred to as a local
IP address.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
(IANA) reserves the following IP address
blocks for use as private IP addresses:
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
The first set of IP addresses from above allow
for over 16 million addresses, the second for
over 1 million, and over 65,000 for the last
range.Another range of private IP addresses is
169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255, but those
addresses are for Automatic Private
addressing (APIPA) use only.
Why Private IP Addresses Are Used

Instead of having devices inside a home or


business network each use a public IP address,
of which there's a limited supply, private IP
addresses provide an entirely separate set of
addresses that still allow access on a network
but without taking up a public IP address
space.
For example, let's consider a standard router
on a home network. Most routers in homes
and businesses across the globe, all have the
IP address of 192.168.1.1, and assign
192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, ... to the various
devices that connect to it via DHCP.
It doesn't matter how many routers use the
192.168.1.1 address, or how many dozens or
hundreds of devices inside that network share IP
addresses with users of other networks, because
they aren't communicating with each other
directly. Instead, the devices in a network use
the router to translate their requests through the
public IP address, which can communicate with
other public IP addresses and eventually to other
local networks.
The hardware within a specific network that
are using a private IP address can
communicate with all the other hardware
within the confines of that network, but will
require a router to communicate with devices
outside the network, after which the public IP
address will be used for the communication.
All the devices (laptops, desktops, phones,
tablets , etc.) that are contained within private
networks around the world can use a private
IP address with virtually no limitation, which
can't be said for public IP addresses. Private IP
addresses also provide a way for devices that
don't need contact with the internet, like file
servers, printers, etc., to still communicate
with the other devices on a network without
being directly exposed to the public.
Reserved IP Addresses
Another set of IP addresses that are restricted even
further are called reserved IP addresses. These are
similar to private IP addresses in the sense that they
can't be used for communicating on the greater
internet, but they're even more restrictive than that.
The most famous reserved IP is 127.0.0.1 This address
is called the loopback address and is used to test the
network adapter or integrated chip. No traffic
addressed to 127.0.0.1 is sent over the local network
or public internet, although technically, the entire
range from 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 is reserved
for loopback purposes.
Public IP Addresses

A public IP address is an IP address that your


home or business router receives from your
ISP .Public IP addresses are required for any
publicly accessible network hardware , like for
your home router as well as for the servers that
host websites. Public IP addresses are what
differentiate all devices that are plugged into the
public internet. Each and every device that's
accessing the internet is using a unique IP
address. In fact, a public IP address is sometimes
called an Internet IP.
It's this address that each Internet Service
Provider uses to forward internet requests to
a specific home or business, much like how a
delivery vehicle uses your physical address to
forward packages to your house.Think of your
public IP address as any other address you
have. For example, your email address and
your home address are both completely
unique to you, which is why sending mail to
those addresses ensures that they actually get
to you and not someone else’s.
Private vs Public IP Addresses

A private IP address is, in most ways, the same


thing as a public IP address. It's a unique
identifier for all the devices behind a router or
other device that serves out IP addresses.
However, unlike with public IP addresses, the
devices in your home can have the exact same
private IP addresses as your neighbor's
devices, or anyone else's all around the world
This is because private addresses are non-
routable hardware devices on the internet
are programmed to prevent devices with a
private IP address from communicating
directly with any other IP beyond the router
that they're connected to. Because these
private addresses are restrained from
reaching the internet, you need an address
that can reach the rest of the world, which is
why a public IP address is needed
This type of setup enables all the devices in
your home network to relay information back
and forth between your router and ISP using
just a single address (a public IP address).
Public IP addresses are issued by an Internet
Service Provider and will have number ranges
from 1 to 191 in the first octet, with the
exception of the private address ranges that
start at 10.0.0 for Class A private networks
and 172.16.0 for the Class B private addresses.

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