Wind robot

By

Student 1
Student 2
 Aim of the project

•The project aims at developing a system which

makes use of wind for rural electrification. wind
energy is treated as non renewable source of
energy. The system also uses microcontroller and
HC05 to control the devices.
 Wind robot

Rechargeable ON/OFF RPS

Battery Switch

Micro
Wind Bluetooth Controller
Turbine

Motors with
driver
Major components
 Regulated power supply.
 Battery.
 LED indicators.
 DC motor
 Micro controller
 Bluetooth
 REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
 Every embedded system requires dc voltage and that that will
be 5v supply
 We are getting 230v, 50 Hz in our house hold applications.
We can be used to operate the home appliances like T.V,
cooler, fan, light’s
 Digital electronic devices need digital supply and we can
get supply from regulated power supply block

Step down
Bridge Capacitive Regulator +5V DC
230 v AC transformer
rectifier filter (7805)
(V-0-12 )
 TRANSFORMER
 Transformer is a electromagnetic device which
induces the voltage due to magnetic field
present between primary and secondary windings.

 It has two windings called as primary winding and

secondary winding. We are giving input 230v
input voltage at primary side. The output of
transformer is 12v(ac only).

 We have two types of transformers

 Step up transformer.
 Step down transformer.
STEP UP TRANSFORMER STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER
 This transformer will  This type of transformers
step up the voltage that is will step down the voltage.
this transformer will That is this will convert high
increase the voltage. voltage in to low voltage.

 e.g.. V-0-12  e.g.. 0- 430

 RECTIFIER
Rectifier is circuit which converts the ac in to dc. We have two
types of rectifier.
1. Full wave rectifier
2. Half wave rectifier

Full wave rectifier again classified as follows

1. Bridge rectifier
2. Cetertapped full wave rectifier

• In this project we are using bridge rectifier because the

efficiency of the bridge rectifier is high compare to all
rectifiers.
 Filter
 The output of rectifier is not pure DC. It may contain
some ripple components that is pulsating DC. To
eliminate this ripple components which are present in
output we are using filter.

 Filter is a circuit which is used to eliminate the

ripples present in rectified output.

 We have many types of filters. Most of the power

supplies are using capacitor filter to filter out the
ripples present in output.
 DC Generator

 In any electric motor, operation is based on simple

electromagnetism. A current-carrying conductor generates a
magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external
magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional to the
current in the conductor, and to the strength of the external
magnetic field.
 Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor (armature),
stator, commutator, field magnet's, and brushes. In most
common DC motors the external magnetic field is produced
by high-strength permanent magnets.
ADVANTAGES OF DC MOTOR

• High output power relative to motor size and weight.

• Encoder determines accuracy and resolution.
• High efficiency. It can approach 90% at light loads.
• High torque to inertia ratio. It can rapidly accelerate
loads.
• Has "reserve" power. 2-3 times continuous power for
short periods.
 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

 A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor

diode that radiates light (electro luminescence) when current
passes through it in the forward direction.

 Infrared LED to work in our remote controls, and get other

ones of different colors to make indicators or, in large arrays,
displays - even color ones.

 The color of the emitted light depends on the composition

and condition of the semi conducting material used, and can
be infrared, visible, or near-ultraviolet.
 Arduino Nano
• The Arduino Nano, as the name
suggests is a compact, complete and
bread-board friendly microcontroller
board. The Nano board weighs around
7 grams with dimensions of 4.5 cms to
1.8 cms (L to B). This article discusses
about the technical specs most
importantly the pinout and functions of
each and every pin in the Arduino Nano
board.
 Arduino Nano
• Arduino Nano has similar functionalities as Arduino
Duemilanove but with a different package. The Nano is
inbuilt with the ATmega328P microcontroller, same as the
Arduino UNO.
• The main difference between them is that the UNO board
is presented in PDIP (Plastic Dual-In-line Package) form
with 30 pins and Nano is available in TQFP (plastic quad
flat pack) with 32 pins.
• The extra 2 pins of Arduino Nano serve for the ADC
functionalities, while UNO has 6 ADC ports but Nano has 8
ADC ports. The Nano board doesn’t have a DC power jack
as other Arduino boards, but instead has a mini-USB port.
• This port is used for both programming and serial
monitoring. The fascinating feature in Nano is that it will
choose the strongest power source with its potential
difference, and the power source selecting jumper is
invalid.
Bluetooth HC-05
•On the bottom side there are labels
for the signal direction and voltage
levels:
•
•
• KEY: according to the data sheet, I need to pull-up this pin while
power-on-reset of the module to enforce AT mode. I have not been
able to verify this yet. I have been told that some modules have this
pin not connected at all?
• VCC is indicated in the range of 3.6V-6V. The module worked for me
both with 3.3V and 5V.
• GND: Ground
• TXD: serial output of the module, to be connected to RX of the
microcontroller. Note that this signal is using 3.3V logic level
• RXD: serial input of the module, to be connected to the TX of the
microcontroller. Note that this signal is using 3.3V logic levels.
• STATE: connected to LED2 (Pin32) of the module, but no meaning?
At least on my module the pin was always low, regardless if paired or
not.
 DC MOTORS

 In any electric motor, operation is based on simple

electromagnetism. A current-carrying conductor generates a
magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external
magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional to the
current in the conductor, and to the strength of the external
magnetic field.

 Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor (armature),

stator, commutator, field magnet's, and brushes. In most
common DC motors the external magnetic field is produced
by high-strength permanent magnets.
 ADVANTAGES OF DC MOTOR

• High output power relative to motor size and weight.

• Encoder determines accuracy and resolution.
• High efficiency. It can approach 90% at light loads.
• High torque to inertia ratio. It can rapidly accelerate
loads.
• Has "reserve" power. 2-3 times continuous power for
short periods.
 L293D MOTOR DRIVER
IC diagram circuit diagram
 Wind Turbine
 A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic
energy from the wind, also called wind energy,
into mechanical energy; a process known as wind
power. If the mechanical energy is used to produce
electricity, the device may be called a wind turbine
or wind power plant.
 If the mechanical energy is used to drive machinery,
such as for grinding grain or pumping water, the
device is called a windmill or wind pump. Similarly,
it may be referred to as a wind charger when used
for charging batteries.
 Types
 Horizontal axis
 Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) have the
main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of a tower,
and must be pointed into the wind. Small turbines are pointed
by a simple wind vane, while large turbines generally use a
wind sensor coupled with a servo motor. Most have a gearbox,
which turns the slow rotation of the blades into a quicker
rotation that is more suitable to drive an electrical generator.

 Since a tower produces turbulence behind it, the turbine is

usually positioned upwind of its supporting tower. Turbine
blades are made stiff to prevent the blades from being pushed
into the tower by high winds. Additionally, the blades are
placed a considerable distance in front of the tower and are
sometimes tilted forward into the wind a small amount.
 Turbines used in wind farms for
commercial production of electric
power are usually three-bladed and
pointed into the wind by computer-
controlled motors. These have high
tip speeds of over 320 km/h
(200 mph), high efficiency, and low
torque ripple, which contribute to
good reliability.
 Vertical axis design

 Vertical-axis wind turbines (or

VAWTs) have the main rotor shaft
arranged vertically. Key advantages
of this arrangement are that the
turbine does not need to be pointed
into the wind to be effective.
 This is an advantage on sites where
the wind direction is highly variable,
for example when integrated into
buildings.
 The key disadvantages include the low
rotational speed with the consequential
higher torque and hence higher cost of the
drive train, the inherently lower power
coefficient, the 360 degree rotation of the
aerofoil within the wind flow during each
cycle and hence the highly dynamic loading
on the blade, the pulsating torque
generated by some rotor designs on the
drive train, and the difficulty of modelling
the wind flow accurately and hence the
challenges of analysing and designing the
rotor prior to fabricating a prototype.
Comparision between the
both..
 Advantages for Wind
Energy
 ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER:
 1. The wind is free and with modern
technology it can be captured
efficiently.
 2. Once the wind turbine is built the
energy it produces does not cause
green house gases or other
pollutants.
 3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each
takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the
land below can still be used. This is especially the
case in agricultural areas as farming can still
continue.
 4. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature
of the landscape.
 5. Remote areas that are not connected to the
electricity power grid can use wind turbines to
produce their own supply.
 6. Wind turbines have a role to play in both the
developed and third world.
 DISADVANTAGES OF WIND
POWER
 The strength of the wind is not constant
and it varies from zero to storm force.
This means that wind turbines do not
produce the same amount of electricity all
the time. There will be times when they
produce no electricity at all.
 2. Many people feel that the countryside
should be left untouched, without these
large structures being built. The
landscape should left in its natural form
for everyone to enjoy.
 3. Wind turbines are noisy. Each one
can generate the same level of noise as
a family car traveling at 70 mph.
 4. Many people see large wind turbines
as unsightly structures and not
pleasant or interesting to look at. They
disfigure the countryside and are
generally ugly.
 5. When wind turbines are being
manufactured some pollution is
produced. Therefore wind power does
produce some pollution.
 Contd..
 Itis a renewable resource as it can
be pumped again and again and
water is recycled on the earth
naturally and artificially both
through the water cycle. Water
never actually completely depletes.
It dominates other renewable
resources like wind energy because
it has a predictable nature.
 Advantages
• This system helps in energy
generation.
• Piezo Setup using geared DC
motor.
• Efficient and low cost design.
• Easy to operate.
 Disadvantages
• This system requires periodic
monitoring and maintenance.
• This system fails to work if the load
is heavy.
• Status of operated devices is not
known.
 Future scope of this project
• The maximum allowed output power of an inverter depends
on two factors.
• The maximum current rating of the transformer primary and
the current rating of the driving transistors.
• For example, to get a 100 Watt output using 12 V car battery
the primary current will be ~8A ,(100/12) because P=VxI. So
the primary of transformer must be rated above 8A.
• Also here, each final driver transistors must be rated above
4A. Here two will be conducting parallel in each half cycle, so
I=8/2 = 4A .