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CHAPTER 2 Introduction To Power Steering Done

The document provides an overview of power steering systems, detailing the mechanics of both hydraulic and electronic power steering. It explains the operation of integral and linkage power steering systems, as well as the components involved, such as the power piston and control valves. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of electronic power steering over hydraulic systems, including reduced manual effort and elimination of fluid leakage.

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Akamu Chishi A
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16 views19 pages

CHAPTER 2 Introduction To Power Steering Done

The document provides an overview of power steering systems, detailing the mechanics of both hydraulic and electronic power steering. It explains the operation of integral and linkage power steering systems, as well as the components involved, such as the power piston and control valves. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of electronic power steering over hydraulic systems, including reduced manual effort and elimination of fluid leakage.

Uploaded by

Akamu Chishi A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to power steering

Fundamentals of power steering


• When a car is steered manually the driver supplies all the
steering force. Then through the mechanical advantage of the
steering gear and linkages. The front wheel are turned left or
right as desired. Large amount of torque is required to be
applied for steering medium and heavy vehicle. The power
steering system provide automatic hydraulic assistance to the
turning effort applied to the manual steering. The system is
designed in the event of failure of power system the vehicle
will be steered manually with increased effort.
• A continuous operating pump provides
hydraulic pressure when needed. As the
steering wheel is turned, valves are operated
to admit hydraulic pressure to a cylinder that
contains the power piston. Then the pressure
causes the piston to move, and it provides
most of the steering forces.
• TYPES OF POWER STEERING SYSTEM

Integral power steering


Linkage power steering
INTEGRAL POWER STEERING
 The power piston is build into the steering gear.
It consists of spool valve, rotary valve, and a
torsion bar. The torsion bar is attached to the end
of the worm shaft. When the steering wheel is
turned, the torsion bar twists. This moves the
spool valves slightly, opening passage which move
fluid to the side of the piston where hydraulic
assist is required. When there is no power action,
the spool valve is in the neutral or straight ahead
position.
INTEGRAL POWER STEERING
 The power piston is build into the steering gear.
It consists of spool valve, rotary valve, and a
torsion bar. The torsion bar is attached to the end
of the worm shaft. When the steering wheel is
turned, the torsion bar twists. This moves the
spool valves slightly, opening passage which move
fluid to the side of the piston where hydraulic
assist is required. When there is no power action,
the spool valve is in the neutral or straight ahead
position.
LINKAGE POWER STEERING
 The power piston is attached between the
frame of vehicle and the steering linkage.
. The integral part is most widely used.
When the vehicle is running straight ahead a
spool valve in the control valve assembly is
held in the centre position by means of
centering spring. Oil flows to both side of the
piston in the power cylinder and around the
valve bands and returns to the pump
reservoir.
While vehicle is taking left turn, the force on the
wheel exceed about 20N the pitman arm move the
spool control valve with sufficient force to overcome
the pressure of the centering spring so that the valve
slide to the right hand side of the valve body. In this
position it connects the left hand side of power
cylinder to return line leading to the pump reservoir
and directs oil pressure to the right hand side of the
power cylinder. This causes the cylinder housing to
move to the right., which moves the relay rod to the
right in order to turn the wheel to the left.
In case of wheel taking right turn the conditions are
reversed.
ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING
Steering sensors consists of two sensors
Torque sensor and
Rotation sensor.
• Torque sensor convert the steering torque
input and its direction into voltage signal
• Rotational sensor converts the rotation speed
and direction into voltage signal, and is
located in the input shaft of the steering gear
box.
• The inputs from the steering sensor and the vehicle speed sensors
are send to a microprocessor control unit where these are
compared with a programmed force assists map. The control unit
then sends out the appropriate command signal to the current
controller which supplies the appropriate current to the electric
motor which pushes the rack to the right or left depending on in
which direction the current flows. The amount of power assist
increases with the increase in current. There is a provision to
protect the electric motor from being overloaded and also from
the voltage surges from a faulty alternator or charging problem.
The electronic steering control is capable of self-diagnosing faults
by monitoring the system inputs and outputs and the driving
current of the electric motor. In case of the problem, the control
unit turns off the entire system by actuating a fail safe relay in the
power unit, the system reverts back to manual steering and
warning light on the dash board alerts the driver.
Advantages of electric power steering over
hydraulic power steering
Manual steering requires less force
comparatively since there is no fluid to be
forced through the valves
Energy is consumed only while steering
Availability of steering assistance even when
the engine is not running
The problem of fluid leakage is eliminated

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