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The document provides an overview of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) operation, including its structure, basic operation, and the importance of biasing techniques for amplification and switching. It discusses common emitter configuration, its advantages such as high voltage gain, moderate impedance, and wide frequency response, as well as the phase shift characteristics that are crucial for various applications. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of CE configuration in modern electronic devices.

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28 views25 pages

Maaz 1

The document provides an overview of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) operation, including its structure, basic operation, and the importance of biasing techniques for amplification and switching. It discusses common emitter configuration, its advantages such as high voltage gain, moderate impedance, and wide frequency response, as well as the phase shift characteristics that are crucial for various applications. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of CE configuration in modern electronic devices.

Uploaded by

muhammadumairakram167
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Overview of BJT Operation,


Biasing Techniques, and
Common Emitter
Configuration
2

Overview of BJT Operation


Introduction To BJT

 The BJT (bipolar junction transistor) is constructed with three doped


semiconductor regions separated by two pn junctions,
 There are three regions:
1.Emitter
2.Base
3.Collector

Figure 1: PNP and NPN Transistor


3

Overview of BJT Operation -


Structure of BJT

The pn junction joining the base


region and the emitter region is called
the base-emitter junction. The pn
junction joining the base region and
the collector region is called the base-
collector junction, as indicated in
Figure 1

Figure 1: Transistor Components


4
Overview of BJT Operation -
Transistor Types: npn and pnp

Figure 2: npn & pnp Transistor


5
Overview of BJT Operation -
Basic Operation of BJT

• the base-emitter (BE)

junction is Forward-

biased and the base-

collector (BC) junction is

reverse-biased.

Figure 3: Forward – Reverse Bias of a BJT


Overview of BJT Operation - 6

Basic Operation of BJT

• The forward bias


from base to emitter
narrows the BE
depletion region.

• the reverse bias


from base to
collector widens the
BC depletion region,
Purpose and Importance of Biasing 7
in BJT Circuits – Biasing and its
Purpose

 What is BJT Biasing?


Definition: Establishing proper DC
operating conditions

Purpose: To set the Q-point for:


• Amplification (Active region)
• Switching (Cutoff/Saturation)
Purpose and Importance of Biasing 8
in BJT Circuits - Why Biasing is
Crucial ?

 Maintains linear amplification


 Prevents signal distortion
 Provides temperature stability
 Avoids thermal runaway
 Ensures reliable switching
Purpose and Importance of Biasing
9
in BJT Circuits - Common Biasing
Techniques

 Fixed Bias Circuit


 Emitter Bias Circuit
 Equation: IB = (VCC -
 Equation: IB = (VCC - VBE - IER) / RB
VBE)/RB
Purpose and Importance of Biasing
in BJT Circuits - Common Biasing 10

Techniques

 Collector Feedback Bias  Voltage Divider Bias


IB = (VCC - VBE - VCE)/(RB + βRC) VTH = VCC(R2/(R1+R2))
Practical Biasing Method Used in CE 11

Configuration – CE Configuration

Common-emitter amplifiers :
 Voltage divider , capacitor on the input
 Bypass a capacitor to ground
 Circuit has combination of AC and
DC
 Amplified output is 180° out of phase
Practical Biasing Method Used in CE 12

Configuration – DC Analysis

 DC Analysis
IC​=βIB​
VCE​=VCC​−IC​(RC​+RE​)
Practical Biasing Method Used in CE
13
Configuration – The AC Equivalent
Circuit

 AC Ground
dc source is replaced by a ground.
 AC Voltage at the Base
Total resistance:
Rim (tot) = R1 || R2 || Rin(base)
 Input resistance at the base
Rim(base) = Bac'e
 Output at the base
Ro= Rc
Actually, Rour = Rel| rg,
Practical Biasing Method Used in CE 14

Configuration – Voltage Gain

Voltage Gain

• The gain is the ratio of ac


output voltage at the
collector(V2) to ac input
voltage at the base (V).
15
Common Emitter Amplifier- Basic
Operation and Phase Reversal

 Phase Inversion in a CEAmplifier


Common Emitter Amplifier- Basic 16

Operation and Phase Reversal

 Phase Shift
 The common emitter amplifier inverts the
input signal, resulting in a 180-degree
phase shift between input and output.

 This phase shift is a fundamental aspect of


the amplifier's operation and affects how it
interacts with subsequent stages in a
circuit.

 Understanding the phase relationship is


crucial for applications such as signal
processing and audio amplification
17
Common Emitter Amplifier- Basic
Operation and Phase Reversal

 Current Gain
 The current gain from base to collector is Ic/
Ib, or βac.
 Ai = Ic / Is
OR
18
Common Emitter Amplifier- Basic
Operation and Phase Reversal

 Power Gain
 The overall power gain is the product of the overall voltage
gain (A'.) and the overall current gain (A;).
 Ap = Av‘ Ai
 Where
 A‘v = Vc/Vs.
19
Advantages and Applications of CE
Configuration

CE CONFIGURATION
 CE Configuration, or Common Emitter
Configuration, is a fundamental amplifier design
commonly used in electronics.

 It is characterized by its ability to provide


significant voltage gain while maintaining
moderate input and output impedance.

 Understanding its advantages and applications


is key to effectively using it in various electronic
circuits.
Advantages and Applications of CE 20

Configuration

 High Voltage Gain


 One of the primary advantages of CE Configuration is
its high voltage gain, which can reach up to several
hundred times.

 This makes it ideal for applications where signal


amplification is crucial, such as in audio systems and
communication devices.

 The high gain allows for stronger signal transmission


over long distances, enhancing overall system
performance
Advantages and Applications of CE 21

Configuration

Moderate Input and Output Impedance


 CE Configuration offers moderate input impedance,
which allows it to be easily interfaced with various
signal sources.

 Its output impedance is also suitable for driving loads


without significant loss of signal, ensuring efficient
power transfer.

 This balance of impedance makes CE Configuration


versatile across different electronic applications.
Advantages and Applications of CE 22

Configuration

Frequency Response
 Another advantage of CE Configuration is its wide
frequency response, making it suitable for high-
frequency applications.

 This characteristic is particularly beneficial in radio


frequency (RF) and telecommunications where signal
clarity is essential.

 The ability to operate efficiently across a range of


frequencies allows for greater flexibility in circuit
design.
Advantages and Applications of CE 23

Configuration

Phase Shift Characteristics


 CE Configuration introduces a 180-degree phase
shift between the input and output signals.

 This phase shift is advantageous in applications


like oscillators and signal modulation where
phase relationships are crucial.

 By utilizing this characteristic, designers can


create more complex and functional circuits
tailored to specific needs.
Advantages and Applications of CE 24

Configuration

Conclusion
 it a preferred choice especially where
signal amplification is vital.

 Its Versatile in the circuit.

 CE Configuration is essential, as it
underpins many modern devices.
Take Some Rest 25
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Bored After
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Torturous
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