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Complete Colour Sense Presentation

The document provides an overview of colour sense and vision, detailing the mechanisms and theories behind colour perception, including Trichromatic and Opponent Colour Theories. It discusses the genetic basis of colour vision and outlines various tests for assessing colour vision deficiencies, such as pseudoisochromatic charts and the Farnsworth-Munsell test. Additionally, it notes that there is currently no treatment available for colour blindness.

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drprashethkm2004
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15 views15 pages

Complete Colour Sense Presentation

The document provides an overview of colour sense and vision, detailing the mechanisms and theories behind colour perception, including Trichromatic and Opponent Colour Theories. It discusses the genetic basis of colour vision and outlines various tests for assessing colour vision deficiencies, such as pseudoisochromatic charts and the Farnsworth-Munsell test. Additionally, it notes that there is currently no treatment available for colour blindness.

Uploaded by

drprashethkm2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Colour Sense and Colour Vision

An Overview of Theories, Tests, and


Mechanisms
Colour Sense
• It is the ability of the eye to discriminate
between different colours excited by light of
different wavelengths. Colour vision is a
function of the cones and thus better
appreciated in photopic vision. In dim light
(scotopic vision), all colours are seen grey, a
phenomenon called the Purkinje shift.
Theories of Colour Vision
• The process of colour analysis begins in the
retina and is not entirely a function of the
brain. Two main theories explain colour
perception:
• 1. Trichromatic Theory (Young-Helmholtz
Theory)
• 2. Opponent Colour Theory (Hering's Theory)
Trichromatic Theory (Young-
Helmholtz)
• Proposed by Young and Helmholtz:
• • The theory postulates three types of cones,
each sensitive to one of the primary colours
(red, green, blue).
• • Colour perception is determined by the
relative frequency of impulses from the three
cone systems.
• • Identification of cone pigments using
recombinant DNA technology:
• - Red-sensitive (erythrolabe, LWS) – Peak at
Genetic Basis of Colour Vision
• • The gene for human rhodopsin is located on
chromosome 3.
• • The gene for blue-sensitive cones is on
chromosome 7.
• • The genes for red and green-sensitive cones
are arranged in tandem array on the q-arm of
the X chromosome.
Opponent Colour Theory (Hering)
• • Some colours are mutually exclusive (e.g., no
reddish-green colour).
• • Colour vision is trichromatic at the
photoreceptor level but opponent at the
ganglion cell level.
• • Two types of opponent ganglion cells:
• - Red-Green Opponent Cells (detect red-
green contrast)
• - Blue-Yellow Opponent Cells (detect blue-
yellow contrast)
Tests for Colour Vision
• These tests are designed for:
• 1. Screening defective colour vision.
• 2. Qualitative classification of colour blindness
(protan, deutan, tritan).
• 3. Quantitative analysis of deficiency (mild,
moderate, marked).
Pseudoisochromatic Charts
• • The most commonly used test (e.g., Ishihara
plates).
• • Uses coloured and grey dot patterns that
reveal different patterns to normal and colour-
deficient individuals.
• • Screens for congenital red-green defects.
• • Other similar tests:
• - Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR) plates (detects all
three congenital defects).
• - American Optical Colour Plate Test.
Edridge-Green Lantern Test
• • The subject names various colours shown by
a lantern.
• • Judgement is based on the mistakes made in
identifying colours.
Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test
• • A spectroscopic test where the subject
arranges coloured chips in order.
• • Error score determines colour vision ability
(higher score = poorer vision).
• • It consists of 85 hue caps (not 100).
Farnsworth D15 Hue
Discrimination Test
• • Similar to the Farnsworth-Munsell test but
uses only 15 hue caps.
City University Colour Vision Test
• • A spectroscopic test where the subject
matches a central coloured plate to the closest
hue from four surrounding colours on each of
10 plates.
Nagel’s Anomaloscope
• • Observer mixes red and green colours to
match a given yellow disc.
• • Judgement is based on the ratio of red and
green and the brightness setting used.
Holmgren’s Wool Test
• • The subject selects colour-matching skeins
from a selection of coloured wool samples.
Colour Blindness – No Treatment
Available
• Currently, there is no treatment for colour
blindness.

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