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CDM 4 Faveenna

The document outlines various types of study designs used in clinical research, including meta-analysis, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and cohort studies, among others. It also discusses key terminology related to study design, such as sensitivity, specificity, and empirical research, as well as methods for evaluating treatment effectiveness. Additionally, it covers different research approaches, including qualitative and quantitative studies, and highlights the importance of reproducibility in scientific research.

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7 views18 pages

CDM 4 Faveenna

The document outlines various types of study designs used in clinical research, including meta-analysis, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and cohort studies, among others. It also discusses key terminology related to study design, such as sensitivity, specificity, and empirical research, as well as methods for evaluating treatment effectiveness. Additionally, it covers different research approaches, including qualitative and quantitative studies, and highlights the importance of reproducibility in scientific research.

Uploaded by

avirat1001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLINICAL DATA MANAGEMENT

FAVEENNA SUKUMARAN
TYPES OF STUDY DESIGN
STUDY DESIGN TERMINOLOGY
TYPES OF STUDY DESIGN

Meta-Analysis- A meta-analysis is a way to combine data from several


different studies.

Systematic Review-A systematic review is like a thorough investigation of all


research done on a specific topic. Researchers don't just randomly choose
studies; they follow a strict method to find, analyze, and summarize all
relevant studies on a particular topic.

RCT-This is a type of experiment where participants are randomly assigned to


different groups to see how different treatments affect them. The key part
here is "random," which means the researchers do not choose who goes into
which group—it's done by chance.
Case-Control Study- This study looks at two groups: one with the disease (cases) and
one without the disease (controls). Then, researchers compare the two groups to see
if there’s a link between certain behaviors or conditions and the disease.

Cross-Sectional Study-A cross-sectional study observes a group of people at one point


in time, or over a very short period. It collects data about people’s health, habits, or
characteristics all at once, rather than tracking them over time.

Cohort study- In a cohort study, researchers track a group of people over time to see
how different factors might affect their health. This type of study follows participants
who share a common characteristic, like being part of a specific age group or having a
particular condition.
A case report focuses on a single patient or a small group of patients who have
an unusual condition, treatment, or outcome. A case series is a collection of
such case reports. These studies are useful for spotting rare or unique events.

Animal research, scientists study animals (like rats, mice, or monkeys) to


understand health conditions, treatments, or behaviors. These studies help
researchers learn more about how diseases work or how new treatments
might work before they try them on humans.

Ideas, Editorials, and Opinions- These are written by experts in the field to share
their thoughts, ideas, or opinions about a certain topic. They are not based on
original research but are meant to provide insight or a perspective on an issue.

These studies happen in a lab using test tubes, petri dishes, or other controlled
equipment. It’s often used for early-stage experiments, such as testing how
cells or molecules react to different chemicals or treatments.
STUDY DESIGN TERMINOLOGY

"The Study of Dr. Wright’s New Drug: A Journey Through Research"


Doubled
Randomly Bias
blind study
Time Factor- Impact of
Longitudinal study-
time on the results of
follow the same group Prospective study-
a study, such as the
of individuals over a follow individuals over
duration of follow-up
long period to observe time, collecting data
or the timing of
changes over time,
measurements.
Predictive Value of
Sensitivity is the ability Specificity is the ability
Tests- test predicts
of a test to correctly to correctly identify
whether someone has
identify those with the those without the
or doesn't have a
disease (true positives). disease (true negatives)
disease
Logistic Models- These are statistical models used to
predict the outcome of a dependent variable that is
categorical (e.g., yes/no, disease/no disease) based
on independent variables.

An odds ratio is a statistic used to measure the strength


of association between two events
Number Needed to Treat (NNT)- This refers to the
number of people who need to be treated with a
specific intervention to prevent one additional bad
outcome

Meta-analysis- This is a statistical technique used to


combine the results of multiple independent studies on
the same topic to get a more reliable overall conclusion
Cost-benefit analysis- This is a method of comparing the costs of a program or
treatment with its benefits (usually in monetary terms). It helps to determine
whether the program is worth the investment.

Empirical Research- This type of research relies on real-world data collected


through observation, experiments, or surveys. It focuses on gathering and
analyzing actual, measurable data rather than theories or beliefs.
Matched-pair Analysis: This
is a method where each
Evaluation Studies- These
participant in the treatment
studies assess the
group is paired with a
effectiveness of a program,
similar participant in the
treatment, or intervention.
control group based on
certain characteristics
Cross-over Studies- In these studies, participants receive two or more treatments in a random order. After
completing one treatment, they "cross over" to the other treatment.

Genome-Wide Association Study- This research analyzes the entire genome to identify genetic markers that may
be linked to a disease or condition. It compares the genomes of people with a disease to those without it to
identify genetic factors involved

Intention to Treat Analysis- This is an analysis method in randomized controlled trials where all participants are
analyzed based on the group they were originally assigned to, regardless of whether they followed the treatment
regimen exactly.
Qualitative Studies- These studies focus on understanding experiences, perceptions, or social phenomena,
often using interviews, observations, or focus groups. Data is typically non-numeric.

Quantitative Studies-These studies focus on numerical data, often using statistical methods to analyze and
make predictions.

Reproducibility of Results-This refers to the ability to repeat a study and get the same results. Reproducibility is
a key aspect of scientific reliability.

Retrospective Studies-These studies look back in time, often using existing data, to understand relationships
between exposures and outcomes.

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