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De Broglie Wavelength

Louis de Broglie proposed that all particles, including electrons, exhibit wave-like properties, leading to the concept of the de Broglie wavelength, which is inversely related to momentum. His hypothesis explains the quantized orbits in atoms, as only whole-number multiples of the wavelength are valid for electron orbits. The document includes a sample calculation for the de Broglie wavelength of an electron and discusses how the wavelength changes with momentum.

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9 views14 pages

De Broglie Wavelength

Louis de Broglie proposed that all particles, including electrons, exhibit wave-like properties, leading to the concept of the de Broglie wavelength, which is inversely related to momentum. His hypothesis explains the quantized orbits in atoms, as only whole-number multiples of the wavelength are valid for electron orbits. The document includes a sample calculation for the de Broglie wavelength of an electron and discusses how the wavelength changes with momentum.

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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De Broglie

Wavelength
Proposal of Louis De Broglie
Even with its shortcomings, the Bohr model
indicated that new physics was needed to describe the
atom.
So far only for photons have wavelength, but De
Broglie postulated that it holds for any object with
momentum- an electron, a nucleus, an atom, a
baseball, etc.
• We know that light has wave-like properties.
diffraction, refraction, etc.
• We also know light has particle-like properties.
blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, etc.
Proposal of Louis De Broglie

Louis de Broglie proposed that electrons


have wavelike properties.
This is because it was discovered that electrons
observe diffraction and interference!
De Broglie Wavelength
• He suggested that the wavelength of a particle
depends on its momentum and is calculated with the
formula:

h h
𝜆= =
𝑝 𝑚𝑣
• Recall that momentum is the product of mass and
velocity.
• So, the higher the momentum, the shorter the
wavelength.
• That means the higher the frequency
Sample Problem
What is the de Broglie wavelength of
an electron with speed 2.19×106
m/s? (This is the approximate speed
of an electron in the smallest orbit
in hydrogen.)

The electron mass is 9.11×10-31 kg.


Sample Problem
ANSWER:
The problem gives us:  31
m 9.11 10 kg
6
v 2.19 10 m/s
The de Broglie wavelength is then:

h 6.63 10 34 J-s


 
mv  
9.11 10 31 kg 2.19 106 m/s 
3.3 10 10 m 0.332 nm.
Sample Problem
ANSWER:
The problem gives us:  31
m 9.11 10 kg
6
v 2.19 10 m/s
The de Broglie wavelength is then:

h 6.63 10 34 J-s


 
mv  
9.11 10 31 kg 2.19 106 m/s 
3.3 10 10 m 0.332 nm.
Sample Problem
ANSWER:
The problem gives us:  31
m 9.11 10 kg
6
v 2.19 10 m/s
The de Broglie wavelength is then:

h 6.63 10 34 J-s


 
mv  
9.11 10 31 kg 2.19 106 m/s 
3.3 10 10 m 0.332 nm.
DISCUSSION:
This wavelength is on the same length
scale as the diameter of atoms.

Thus electrons are useful for probing the


structure of atoms.
De Broglie’s Wavelength
• de Broglie’s hypothesis was also able to
explain Bohr’s quantized orbits.
• Since the electron acts like a wave, the
wave must fit along the circumference
of the electron’s orbit.
• This means that only
orbits with whole-
numbered multiples
of the wavelength
are valid.
Which baseball has the longest De
Broglie wavelength?

(1) A fastball (100 mph)


(2) A knuckleball (60 mph)
(3) Neither - only curveballs have a
wavelength
Which baseball has the longest De Broglie wavelength?

(1) A fastball (100 mph)


(2) A knuckleball (60 mph)
(3) Neither - only curveballs have a wavelength

h

p
Lower momentum gives higher wavelength.

p=mv, so slower ball has smaller p.


A stone is dropped from the top of
a building. What happens to the
de Broglie wavelength of the
stone as it falls?
1.It decreases.
2.It increases.
3.It stays the same.
0% 0% 0%

1 2 3
A stone is dropped from the top of a building. What happens to the de Broglie wavelength of the stone
as it falls?

h h
p  
 p
1. It decreases.
2. It increases.
3. It stays the same.

Speed, v, and momentum,


0% 0% 0%
p=mv, increase.
1 2 3

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