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Chapter 3 - 5 Diversion & Channelization

Chapter 3-5 discusses flood control methods, focusing on channelization and diversion channels. Channelization involves modifying river channels to reduce flood stages, while diversion channels redirect floodwaters to mitigate damage. Key design considerations for both methods include stability, erosion control, and ensuring sufficient distance for effective flood management.

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Samuel Gosaye
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46 views13 pages

Chapter 3 - 5 Diversion & Channelization

Chapter 3-5 discusses flood control methods, focusing on channelization and diversion channels. Channelization involves modifying river channels to reduce flood stages, while diversion channels redirect floodwaters to mitigate damage. Key design considerations for both methods include stability, erosion control, and ensuring sufficient distance for effective flood management.

Uploaded by

Samuel Gosaye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3-5

FLOOD & FLOOD


CONTROL

DIVERSION AND
CHANNELIZATION
Channelization

Channelization refers to river channel modification such as


channel widening, deepening, straightening, and bed and bank
protection.
Channelization

The intended impact of a channel modification is reduction of


stage for a given discharge (see figure)

Stage-discharge function modifications due to channel


improvement
Channelization-Design Considerations

The planning and design of projects that substantially alter an


existing channel is not an easy task because rivers are naturally
dynamic.

Thus, designs have frequently been based on previous experience


and intuition.

Otherwise, by altering one or more of the interdependent hydraulic


variables of slope, width, depth, roughness, or size of the sediment
load the existing equilibrium is disrupted, necessitating adjustments
of other hydraulic variables as a channel attempts to attain a new
state of equilibrium.
Channelization-Design Considerations

Therefore, to ensure that channel modifications yield the damage


reduction anticipated must give careful consideration to:

 identification and solution of erosion and deposition


problems,

 design for stability (especially if high velocities are


anticipated),
DIVERSION CHANNELS

Diversion channels are constructed to divert waters from the main


channel for purposes such as flood control, municipal water supply,
and irrigation.

A type of diversion channel used for flood control is a flood bypass


channel or floodway.

It is a separate channel into which flood waters are directed to


lessen the impact of flooding on the main river system.

Control structures may be located at the head of the diversion


channel to divert flows during periods of high water and return flows
during low water.

Some diversion channels bypass the flood flows into an adjacent


waterway, while others return the flows back into the same stream
a distance downstream from the point of the diversion.
DIVERSION CHANNELS

Diversion channels are often used in urban areas where it is not


possible to widen the existing channel due to development.

Diversion channels may be used to provide a means of diverting


floodwater across the neck of a meander or series of meanders.

Major design considerations for diversion channels include:


1) decide if the channel should convey partial or all flows
2) design of appropriate controls
3) sizing of the channel to convey the design discharge and
4) design to reduce maintenance

To be effective in reducing the flood stage, the distance between the


point of diversion and point of return to the main channel must be of
sufficient length to prevent backwater effects.
DIVERSION CHANNELS

Major components of diversion

Plan view of diversion


DIVERSION CHANNELS -Function

When the discharge rate in the main channel reaches a


predetermined threshold, the stage at the overflow is sufficient to
permit water to flow into the diversion channel.

This, in turn, reduces discharge in the main channel, thus


eliminating or reducing damage to the downstream property.

As a diversion alters discharge for individual flood events, it will


eventually alter the discharge-frequency function.
DIVERSION CHANNELS

Discharge-frequency function modifications due to diversion


DIVERSION CHANNELS

The solid line represents the without-project discharge frequency


function at a location downstream of the diversion control
structure.

Q1 represents a target flow at that point; as with a reservoir, this


may be the channel capacity downstream, the flow corresponding
to the maximum stage before damage is incurred, or any other
target selected for a particular alternative.

If the main-channel discharge is less than the target, no water


need be diverted.

When the main channel discharge exceeds the target, the excess
is diverted, limiting main-channel discharge to the target.

Consequently, the with-project function has flows equal to Q1


when the main channel discharge exceeds this target.
DIVERSION CHANNELS

If the main-channel discharge is less than the target, no water need


be diverted.

When the main channel discharge exceeds the target, the excess is
diverted, limiting main-channel discharge to the target.

The with-project frequency function, which is shown as a dashed


line, is equal to the without-project frequency function for events with
exceedance probabilities greater than P1 and discharges less than
Q1.

However, regardless of the design, some extreme event of


probability P2 will cause the bypass channel to reach its capacity.

Then the diversion will no longer be capable of limiting main channel


flow to Q1. At Q3 the diversion channel will have negligible impact
THANK
YOU

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