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MTH 374 Lec2

The document discusses optimization problems in multiple variables, focusing on relative and absolute maxima and minima. It outlines the Extreme Value Theorem, the concept of critical points, and the Second Partials Test for determining the nature of critical points. Additionally, it provides steps for finding absolute maxima/minima and includes several examples related to maximizing profit and minimizing costs.

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Muhammad Tayyab
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9 views14 pages

MTH 374 Lec2

The document discusses optimization problems in multiple variables, focusing on relative and absolute maxima and minima. It outlines the Extreme Value Theorem, the concept of critical points, and the Second Partials Test for determining the nature of critical points. Additionally, it provides steps for finding absolute maxima/minima and includes several examples related to maximizing profit and minimizing costs.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Tayyab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Optimization problems in

multiple variables
Relative Maxima and Minima
(two variables)

1. A function is said to have a relative maximum at a point if


there is adisk centered at such that for all points that lie
inside the disk.
2. A function is said to have a absolute maximum at if for all
in the domain of

We can give similar definitions for relative minimum and


absolute minimum.
The Extreme Value Theorem

If a function iscontinuous on a closed and bounded set then


has both an absolute maximum and absolute minimum on .
Finding relative maxima/minima

Theorem: If has a relative extremum at a point and if the first


order partial derivatives of exist at this point then

4
Critical Points
• A point in the domain of a function is called a critical point of
the function if and or if one or both partial derivatives do not
exist at .

5
The Second Partials Test

Let be a function of two variables with continuous second order


partial derivatives in some disk centred at a critical point and let
a) If and then has a relative minimum at
b) If and then has a relative maximum at
c) If then has a saddle point at
d) If then no conclusion can be drawn.

6
The Second Partials Test

Let be a function of two variables with continuous second order


partial derivatives in some disk centred at a critical point and let
a) If and then has a relative minimum at
b) If and then has a relative maximum at
c) If then has a saddle point at
d) If then no conclusion can be drawn.

7
Finding Absolute Maxima/Minima
for Multivariate
Step 1. Find the critical points of that lie in the interior of

Step 2. Find all boundary points at which the absolute extrema


can occur.

Step 3. Evaluate at the points obtained in the preceding step.


The largest of these values is the absolute maximum and the
smallest the absolute minimum.

8
Example1

A manufacturer makes two models of an item, standard


and deluxe. It costs $40 to manufacture the standard model
and $60 for the deluxe. A market research firm estimates
that if the standard model is priced at dollars and deluxe at
dollars then the manufacturer will sell of the standard
items and of the deluxe each year. How should the items
be priced to maximize profit?

9
Example2

A closed rectangular box with a volume of is made from


two kinds of materials. The top and bottom are made of
material costing 10 cents per square foot and the sides
from material costing 5 cents per square foot. Find the
dimensions of the box so that the cost of the materials is
minimized.

10
Example3
• Suppose that the temperature at a point on a metal plate is
An ant, walking on the plate, traverses a circle of radius
centered at the origin. What are the highest and lowest
temperatures encountered by the ant?

11
Example-4

Maximize (objective function)


Subject to (Constraint)

12
Example-5
• Find the dimensions of the box with largest volume if the total
surface area is 64 cm2.

z
y

13
Example-6
A rectangular box without a lid is to be made from of cardboard.
Find the maximum volume of such a box.

14

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