QUARTER 3

MA T T E
LESSON 1
R
THE PARTICLE
NATURE OF
MATTER
PHASES OF
MATTER
Matter is anything that has mass and
volume(takes up space).
Volume is a measure of the space
occupied by an object.
The amount of material in a body is referred
to as its mass and matter has mass.
Heat and light are forms of energy.
Matter can be classified according to the nature of
particles composing them.
 SOLID
It is the state of matter that
has a definite shape and
volume.

The particles of a substance in

a solid state is very close
together. The forces between
particles are strong that the
particles cannot move
freely but can only vibrate.
As a result, a solid object has
stable, definite shape and a
definite volume.
 LIQUI
It is the state of matter thatD
has a
definite volume but takes the
shape of its container.
The particles in liquids move fast
enough to overcome some of the
attraction between them. The
particles slide past each other until
the liquid takes the shape of its
container. Although liquids change
shape, they do not easily change
volume. The volume stays the same if
you pour the orange into large
container or a small one.
 gas
It is the state of matter that has
no definite shape or volume.
The particles of a gas move very
quick and fast. So, they can
break away completely from one
another. There is a low attraction
between particles of the same
element in the solid or liquid
state. The position of empty space
between gas particles is nit fixed. The
particles of air in a balloon are very far
from each other. So, the position of
empty space between the gas
particles increases.
MATTER
WHO SAID
THAT ALL
MATTER IS
MADE UP
OF TINY
PARTICLES
KNOWN AS
 In the fifth century BC,
LEUCIPPUS AND
DEMOCRITUS argued that
all matter was composed
of small, infinite particles
that they called atomos, a
term derived from the Greek
word for “indivisible.” They
thought of atoms as moving
particles that differed in
shape and size, and which
could join together.
THE FOLLOWING OBSERVATIONS
SUPPORT THE THEORY THAT
MATTER IS MADE UP OF
PARTICLES:

- It is made up of tiny particles.

- Particles of matter are moving all
the time.
- These particles have spaces
between them.
- The particles of matter attract
each other.
QUARTER 3
MA T T E
LESSON 2
R
THE PARTICLE
NATURE OF
MATTER
PHASE CHANGE
 PHASE
CHANGE
It is the process of
changing from one
physical state to
another.
 PHYSICAL
CHANGE
It changes only the
appearance of a
substance not its
chemical composition.
 CHEMICAL
CHANGE
It can cause a substance to
change into an entirely
substance with a new
chemical formula.
Example: Fire is a chemical
reaction that converts a fuel
and oxygen into carbon dioxide
and water. It is an exothermic
reaction, in other words, one
that produces heat.
 Various elements have different properties
because the combining atoms and the manner the
atoms are bonded.
CHEMICAL
CHANGE
PHYSICAL
CHANGE
The process of changing condition to another is called
PHASE CHANGE.
 When SOLID becomes a LIQUID it is called
MELTING.
When SOLID absorbs
enough energy to
overcome the force
holding its particles
together. It is said to be
heated.
The MELTING POINT of
the solid is a achieved at
this point, and the solid
melts.
If you add more heat, The liquid particles will move faster
and farther apart. BOILING POINT is attained at this
stage. The temperature at which vapor pressure rises to
the point that bubbles form inside the liquid’s body and
evaporation occurs is known as the BOILING POINT.
 As LIQUID absorbs
energy when heated, The
closer particles of liquid
become separated.
Particles will have less
attraction, allowing them
to move more freely. The
change of a LIQUID to a
GAS is known as
EVAPORATION.
A GAS can be into a
liquid by cooling it as
CONDENSATION is the
term for this process.
CONDENSATION is the
change of a GAS into a
liquid as a GAS loses, The
particles press in on each
other and roll over,
forming a liquid.
Further cooling of the
LIQUID causes
FREEZING or
SOLIDIFICATION. This
process allows the
particles to get closer and
have a rigid position. The
particles can no longer
move freely; Instead
they will just vibrate the
temperature wherein a
LIQUID solidifies is called
FREEZING POINT.
Some substances, change from SOLID TO GAS
without going through the liquid state.
SUBLIMATION is the term for this change.
DEPOSITION is a reverse reaction in which a GAS
converts directly to a SOLID state without passing
through the liquid state.
SUMMARY:
PHASE CHANGE- Is the change
process of changing from one physical
State to another.
PHYSICAL CHANGE- changes only the appearance of
substance not its chemical composition.
CHEMICAL CHANGE- It can cause a substance to
change into an entirely substance with a new chemical
formula.
MELTING- It is the process in which a solid change into
liquid.
FREEZING- Is the process in which a liquid changes into
SOLID.
SUMMARY:
EVAPORATION- Is the process by
which liquid changes into gas.
CONDENSATION- Is the process in which a gas is
changed to liquid.
SUBLIMATION- Is the process in which a SOLID is
changed into GAS without passing through the liquid state.
DEPOSITION- Is a reverse reaction in which a gas is
changed directly to solid without passing through the liquid
state.
 PARTICLE
HAVE A NICE
DAY, CLASS 

DANCE PARTY
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 PARTICLE
HAVE A NICE
DAY, CLASS 
DANCE PARTY
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“LET’S GET
TOGETHER”
 HAVE A NICE

FREEZING
DAY, CLASS 
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 HAVE A NICE

MELTING
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 HAVE A NICE

SUBLIMATIO
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N
 HAVE A NICE

EVAPORATI
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ON
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CONDENSA
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TION
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DEPOSITIO
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N
 QUARTER 3
MATTER
LESSON 3

ATOMS AND SUB

ATOMIC
PARTICLES
ATOMS, MASS AND ATOMIC
NUMBER
 ATOMS
- ATOMS is the building blocks
of MATTER.
- All substances are made of tiny
particles called atoms.
- John Dalton had ideas about
the existence of atoms about 200
years ago but only relatively
recently have special
microscopes (called electron
microscopes) been invented that
can “see” atoms.
- The yellow blobs in this image
are individual gold atoms, as
seen through an electron
microscope.
 ATOMIC
THEORY
- All matter is made of atoms.
- All atoms of a given element
are identical in mass and
properties.
- The atoms of a given
element are different from
those of any other element.
- Compounds are
combinations of two or more
different types of atoms.
- A chemical reaction is a
rearrangement of atoms.
 ELEMENTS
- Elements have different types of an atom.
- Elements are the simplest substances. There are about
100 different elements.
- Each element is made up of just one particular type of
atom, which is different to the atoms in any other
element.
 STRUCTURE OF THE
ATOM
- All substances are made of tiny particles called atoms.
- Many substances are made up of different types of atoms.
SIZE OF THE ATOM
EVOLUTION OF ATOMIC
THEORY
STRUCTURE OF THE
ATOM
STRUCTURE OF THE
ATOM
STRUCTURE OF THE
ATOM
HOW MANY
PROTONS?
MASS NUMBER
HOW MANY
NEUTRONS?
 HOW MANY
ELECTRONS?
 QUARTER 3
LESSON 4
MATTER
PERIODIC
TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
TRENDS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS AND REACTIVE/ NON REACTIVE
ELEMENTS
118 Chemical
Elements
HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
Periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements organized
on the basis of their increasing atomic numbers, elements with
the same chemical properties and electron configuration.

It has eighteen vertical columns called families or group and

seven horizontal rows called period.

Elements with properties that vary from metallic to non-

metallic are placed in horizontal row in the periodic table.

There are seven period designated as 1,2,3,4,5,6,7.

Elements with similar properties are place in group or families
due to similar number of valence electron.
PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
BLOCKS
Periodic table is divided into 4
regions or blocks;
These are s-blocks, p-blocks, d-blocks
and f-blocks

 S-blocks – Group IA & IIA

 P-blocks – Group IIIA & VIIIA
 D-blocks – Group IIIB & VIIIB
 F-blocks – Group inner transition elements
 Group B Elements (transition metals)
Elements of this group are all metals.
There are two special groups called
Lanthanides and Actinides
the inner transition elements found the
bottom part of the periodic table.

 Metals are located on the left of the

periodic table while non-metals
are located on the right side separated
by a heavy zigzag line.

 Elements located between the heavy

zigzag line are called metalloids
which show both properties of metals
and non- metals.
PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
WHAT IS IN THE SQUARE ?

ATOMIC NUMBER – This refers to how

many protons of an atom of that elements

1
has.
*No two elements have the same numbers
of protons.

ELECTRONS CONFIGURATION -
Describes how electrons are distributed
among the orbitals.

SYMBOLS - Are abbreviations of the origin

of the word for each element.

ATOMIC WEIGHT - It refers to the weight

of the atom it is derived by adding the
number of protons with number of neutrons.
REACTIVE AND NON-
REACTIVE:
REACTIVE ELEMENTS:
DEFINITION: Reactive elements are those that
readily undergo chemical reactions with other
substances. They have a tendency to gain, lose, or
share electrons to achieve a more stable electron
configuration.
Examples: Alkali metals (e.g., sodium, potassium)
and halogens (e.g., fluorine, chlorine) are highly
reactive elements.
REACTIVE AND NON-
REACTIVE:
NON-REACTIVE ELEMENTS:
Definition: Non-reactive elements, also known
as inert or noble gases, are elements that are
generally stable and do not easily undergo
chemical reactions with other substances.
Examples: Helium, neon, and argon are
examples of non-reactive elements.
REACTIVE AND NON-
SUMMARY:
REACTIVE:
- In summary, the key difference lies in the
willingness of elements to engage in chemical
reactions. Reactive elements actively participate in
reactions to achieve a more stable state, while
non-reactive elements are stable and do not
readily form compounds with other substances
under normal conditions.

TAKE NOTE: Mag memorize ng mga elements na

belong sa blocks, period at group, In short pag-
aralan ang buong Periodic Table of Elements.
REACTIVE AND NON-
REACTIVE:
EXAMPLE:
- Mary has a best friend named Joan who is celebrating
her 15th birthday. She wanted to buy Joan a bracelet as
a gift. In the gift shop, the saleslady presented Mary
with three types of bracelet made of the following:
Brass (an alloy of Copper and Zinc), Steel (an alloy of
Iron and Carbon), and pure Silver. If you were Mary,
which bracelet will you buy for Joan? Why?
REACTIVE AND NON-
● BRASS (COPPER-ZINC ALLOY):
REACTIVE:
• PROPERTIES: Brass is an alloy composed of
copper and zinc. It is known for its durability,
corrosion resistance, and attractive gold-like
appearance.
• SCIENTIFIC CONSIDERATION: The
combination of copper and zinc provides a
balance of strength and aesthetic appeal.
However, some people may be allergic to
certain metals, and while brass is generally
well-tolerated, individual sensitivities vary.
REACTIVE AND NON-
● STEEL (IRON-CARBON ALLOY):
REACTIVE:
• PROPERTIES: Steel is an alloy of iron and
carbon, often with other elements. It is known
for its strength, hardness, and corrosion
resistance.
• SCIENTIFIC CONSIDERATION: Steel is a
durable and versatile material. It is less prone
to corrosion compared to iron, making it a good
choice for long-lasting jewelry. However, some
people may have skin sensitivities to certain
alloys or coatings applied to steel.
REACTIVE AND NON-
● PURE SILVER:
REACTIVE:
● PROPERTIES: Pure silver is a precious metal
known for its luster, malleability, and
conductivity. However, it is relatively soft and
may require alloying with other metals for
durability in jewelry.
● SCIENTIFIC CONSIDERATION: While pure
silver has an elegant appearance, it is softer than
alloys like brass and steel. This means it may be
more prone to scratches and deformation over
time. Some people also prefer silver due to its
hypoallergenic properties.
 Where I do
belong ?
INTRODUCE YOURSELF EDITION:

DIRECTIONS:
Choose your want character
then you will introduce it to
our class.
 THE ELEMENTS
CHOOSE YOUR CHARACTER

BERYLLIUM SODIUM NEON SULFUR POTASSIUM

ARSENIC LITHIUM
 THE ELEMENTS
CHOOSE YOUR CHARACTER

CALCIUM HYDROGEN HELIUM CARBON ALUMINUM

OXYGEN FLOURINE VANADIUM

Guide
Questions:
1. What is the symbol of your
chosen character of elements?
2. What blocks, group and period
number are you belong?
3. Tell me about yourself.
THANK YOU AND GOD
BLESS 