JOSE RIZAL AND

PHILIPPINE
NATIONALISM-
NATIONAL
SYMBOL
What is Nationalism?
DIFFERENTIATE…

NATION VS STATE
• Nation- A group of people that shares a common
culture, history, language, and other practices
like religion, affinity to a place, etc.
• State- A political entity that wields sovereignty
over a defined territory
• Nation-State- A state governing a nation.
What are the four
elements of state?
NATION AND NATIONALISM
• One major component of the nation-state is the nation. This concept
assumes that there is a bond that connects a group of people
together to form a community.
 Origin of the Nation

• Primordialism- it argues that a national identity has always existed and

nations have “ethnic cores.”
• Imagined communities- Anderson argues that nations are socially constructed
entities that exist as "imagined communities" because the majority of their
members will never meet each other, yet they share a sense of belonging.
SYNTHESIS
• Jose Rizal is commonly known as the “Father of Filipino Nationalism”
and the First Filipino”, not because he helped establish an
independent Philippine state (in fact, he specifically and explicitly
denounced the 1896 Revolution against Spain), but because he was
instrumental in the creation of the conceptualization of “Filipino” as
an ethno political collective – as “a people”, or, in the language of
nationalism “the people”.2 In other words, Rizal is acclaimed the
father “Philippine Nationalism” for his intellectual and idealistic
support for Philippine Independence. As an analysis of his works and
speeches will show, Rizal did not support violent uprisings or
revolutions in calling for an independent state. (Ibid.)
 National Flag
The Philippines national flag, as defined by the
National Historical Commission of the Philippines,
is made of silk, had a white equilateral triangle at
the left containing a sunburst of eight rays at the
center, a five-pointed star at each angle of the
triangle, an upper stripe of blue and a lower stripe
of red. The sun stands for liberty; the sunburst of
eight rays for the first eight provinces to take up
arms against Spain; and the three stars for the
three island groups of the Philippines – Luzon,
Visayas and Mindanao. The white triangle signifies
Filipino hope for equality; the upper blue stripe
stands for peace, truth and justice; while the
lower red stripe stands for patriotism and valor.
National Anthem: “Lupang Hinirang”
The Philippine national anthem is
entitled “Lupang Hinirang” and composed
by Julian Felipe. “Lupang Hinirang” was
first played publicly on June 12, 1898
during the proclamation of Philippine
Independence. Its lyrics were adopted from
the Spanish poem, Filipinas, which was
written by José Palma.
National Flower: Sampaguita
The Philippine national flower is
called “sampaguita” which is
generally known as the Arabian
Jasmine. Its white color symbolizes
purity, simplicity, humility and
strength.
National Tree: Narra
The Philippine national tree is called
“narra” generally known as rosewood. It
was made official by Gov. Gen. Frank
Murphy through Proclamation No. 652 s.
1934. In fact, under the DENR
Memorandum Order dated February 5,
2013, cutting of Narra needs to be
approved by the DENR Central Office,
particularly by the Office of the
Undersecretary for field Operations.
National Bird: Philippine Eagle
The Philippine national bird is called
“Philippine eagle” scientifically
known as Pithecophaga jefferyi. It was
made official in 1978 by former
President Ferdinand Marcos through
Proclamation No. 1732.
◦ National Gem: Philippine Pearl
The Philippine national gem is called
“Philippine Pearl” as declared by
Former President Fidel V. Ramos
through Proclamation No. 905 s.
1996. It is scientifically known as
Pinctada Maxima. In fact, world’s
largest pearl was discovered by a
Filipino diver in a giant Tridacna
(mollusk) under the Palawan Sea in
1934.
◦ National Sport: Arnis
Arnis is to the Philippines like Japan’s
Karate and Korea’s Taekwondo. It’s
both a martial art and a sport whose
origins are still largely unconfirmed
because of lack of documentation. It’s
known by two other names: Kali and
Eskrima, and makes use of both
bladed weapons, batons/sticks, and
bare hands. It became a national
symbol in 2009 when then-Pres.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed
Republic Act 9850 into law.
◦ National Language – Filipino
With more than a hundred (close to two hundred)
languages and dialects in the Philippines, some people
still get a little testy over discussions about the national
language. Some contend that Filipino is but a formal
term for what is essentially Tagalog, in which case the
implication is that all others have been excluded. Others
maintain that Tagalog is but the nuclei of the national
language.
In any case Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution states
that: “The national language of the Philippines is
Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further developed and
enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other
languages.”
◦ National Currency: Philippine Peso
◦ The currency of the Philippines (officially,
Republic of the Philippines) is called the
Philippine Peso. Its ISO 4217 code is PHP and
it has PhP or ₱ as symbol. The issuer of the
Philippine Peso is the Central Bank of the
Philippines (CBF).
◦ These currencies are issued by the Central Bank
of the Philippines. This Central Bank was
created by the Republic Act No. 265 on January
3rd, 1949. It is the BCF that manages the
banking operations and the country's credit
system. In addition, this Act gives the CBF all
the powers to print and mint Filipino money
since then.
◦ Republic Act No. 8491, Chapter V
"The Great Seal":
◦ SECTION 42. The Great Seal shall be
circular in form, with the arms as
described in the preceding section, but
without the scroll and the inscription
thereon. Surrounding the whole shall be
a double marginal circle within which
shall appear the words
“RepublikangPilipinas.” For the purpose
of placing The Great Seal, the color of
the arms shall not be deemed essential
but tincture representation must be used.
◦ The Great Seal shall bear the National
Motto.
◦ National Seat of Government: Malacañang
Palace
The official residence of the President of the
Philippines is Malacañan Palace. Situated in the old
Manila district of San Miguel, over the 175 odd years
that government has owned the place, the buildings
have been remodeled, expanded, demolished and
rebuilt, and adjoining lands bought. Most recently, in
1978 to 1979 the Palace itself was drastically
remodeled and extensively rebuilt by then First Lady
Imelda Romualdez Marcos.
REFLECTION ACTIVITY!
What is the essence of
knowing the different
national symbols of the
Philippines?
Explain the
importance of having
a sense of
nationalism.