Chapter 3

FILIPINO
NATIONALISM
“Nationalism is nourished by a sense of history.
It is of its essence to know profoundly the past,
so that we may be in complete openness with
the men who made that history and in intimate
communion with their thoughts, their deeds and
their noble lives.”
— Claro M. Recto
Jr.
 FILIPINO NATIONALISM
 Started in the Philippines in the 1800s with an
upsurge of patriotic feelings and nationalistic ideals
resulting from more that two decades of Spanish rule.

 The first nationalist revolution in Asia was the

Philippine
Revolution of 1896.
 These nationalistic feelings have resulted to a
comprehensive campaign in the Philippines for political,
social and economic liberty.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF
FILIPINO NATIONALISM
BARANGAYS – the Philippines has been split into various
principalities.
 The name barangays originated from Malayan ships
called “Balangays“.

 Datu, Rajahs, or Sultans governed these tiny political

units.
THE BEGINNING OF FILIPINO
NATIONALISM
 Originally, the word “Filipino” referred to the Philippines
“Spanish criollos”.
 The Spanish leaders described the natives as Indios
during their 333-year rule over the Philippines.
 The Spaniards born in Philippines, more known as
Insulars.
 Spanish-born Spaniards or Philippine-based
continental Spaniards were referred to as Peninsulars.
 Those of blended heritage have been called Mestizos.
 Economy, education, and parish secularization was the
three factors that led to the Filipino Nationalism’s birth.
 The Philippines’ opening to global or world trade, the
increase of the upper class, and the influx of Europe’s
liberal thoughts were just a few instances of how the
Philippines became a stable nation.
 The first manifestation of Philippine nationalism followed
in the 1880s and 1890s with a reform or propaganda
movement carried out both in Spain and in the
Philippines with the aim of “propagandizing” the
circumstances of the Philippines in the hopes that the
social, political and financial life of the Philippines would
be changed by peaceful means.
 OTHER CONCEPTS OF
FILIPINO
NATIONALISM
NATIONALISM is the secular identification and engagement of our
people with the Filipino nation and domestic community, the
Philippines as our country & homeland.

 It is being pro-Filipino.

 It is pride to be Filipino; self respect as Filipino; pride in

our national cultural heritage and manner of life, with
their constraints being realized.
 It involves pride in our heroes, flags, national anthem
and other symbols of nationhood.
 National pride and dignity inspired by the willingness to
serve our nation alone with dedication, and to sacrifice
for it, if necessary, with our own lives.

 It aims our moral and spiritual regeneration, our

liberation from ignorance, bigotry (intolerance towards
those who hold distinct views of themselves),
parochialism (narrow mindedness), feudalism (a system
in which higher ranking individuals gave land and
protection and worked and fought for them in exchange);
colonial mentality (the internalized attitude of people’s
racial or cultural inferiority as a consequence of
colonization), bribery and distorted elitism (an elite’s
advocacy or presence as a dominant component in a
scheme or community).
FILIPINO NATIONAL IDENTITY
BASED IN PART ON OUR
INDIGENOUS
a. Pagsasarili (self-reliance) VALUES:
b. Pakikisama ( equitable sharing and partnership)

c. Pagkabayani (patriosm)

d. Pagkakaisa (national unity, national consensus, and

discipline)

e. Pakikitungo (consideration)

f. Pakikipagkapwa-tao ( human solidarity based first of all on

developing
our nation)
DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO
SENSE OF NATIONALISM:
1. Respect the Philippine Flag and Value Filipino Identity. Being
Filipinos, we should respect our Philippine flag and its purpose.
The history and value of this flag are connected to the freedom
we have today.
 2. Be a productive citizen. Do not rely on everything and then
blame our government, but instead make yourself productive
and helpful to the nation.

3. Be Aware of the Issues in Our Country. We must be aware and

updated on the significant issues happening in the country. Extend help
to the needy fellowmen, especially the victims of disasters like typhoons,
flooding, and the like. Naturally, all of us use media in our daily life. We
could already demonstrate our nationalism to our nation by using this
media.

4. Stand Proud for Every Achievement. Filipinos are competitive in

many ways around the world. They are proud to be Philippines and
to be brought to the nation. For the awards. For their
accomplishments. They unite every Filipino. We can be proud of
Filipinos like Manny Pacquiao, the Football Team of Azkals, the
Basketball Team of Gilas Pilipinas and many more.
5. Patronize and Support Our Own Products. The Philippines has rich
resources to create quality goods and products. The manpower
services we provide are also globally competitive. Our economy will
improve more if we ourselves patronize our own products which
characterize our creativity, resourcefulness, and industry.

6. Preserve the Filipino Culture. Philippines is rich in various colorful cultural

elements. They are our identity. Be proud and preserve the culture we have for
they are our treasure. We must keep them for the future generation.

7. Respect Everyone and Value Our Traditions. Filipinos are very

courteous and respectful. You will acknowledge a Filipino individual
everywhere you go because he or she has always been respectful of
the elders and others, using the common but certainly classic “ho”,
“oho”, “po”, “opo”. Even in modern times, many Filipinos show and
value their noble norms and traditions.
 8. Speak Out Our Own Language. Using our own language
is manifesting and preserving our national identity. It is our
unique means of communicating and interacting with our
fellowmen. Our language is an important tool to achieve
further unity and national development.

9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’ sacrifices for our country. There
were many Filipinos who died for our democracy, freedom, and independence.
Some fought using their pens and tongues, while some used the power of their
arms and weapons. Each had their own way of showing their love and respect to
our country. In today’s generation, let us value and treasured our heroes sacrifices
and devotion for our country.
10. Love Our Family, Our Neighbors, and our Countrymen. The essence of
life for the most Filipinos is to create their family and nation a part of their
enduring engagement. They may even express their dedication to unpopular
choices born to the advantage of the majority. We are strongly committed to
our obligations. Filipinos create an all-out effort to work and make private
sacrifices around the clock over the weekend hard work. These values,
combined with an abundant reservoir of patience, have been
inculcated by our beloved parents to our youthful minds.
.
PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT
PROMOTE A SENSE OF
NATIONALISM:
1. The PHILIPPINE FLAG with red, white, and blue
colors and a yellow sun representing the provinces
of the country.

2. COAT OF ARMS OF THE PHILIPPINES also featuring the

yellow sun with 8 rays depicting the original provinces in
the Philippines.

3. LUPANG HINIRANG (CHOSEN LAND) The Philippine

National anthem
 4. SAMPAGUITA (JASMINUM SAMBAC) The
national flower of the Philippines; symbolizing
purity and simplicity, the flower is small, white,
and pleasantly fragrant.

5. NARRA (PTEROCARPUS) The national tree of

the Philippines. Also known as Rosewood, it is
strong, sturdy, and durable- a common
rainforest tree.

6. PHILIPPINE EAGLE (PITHECOPHAGA JEFFERYI)

The Philippines national bird. It is acknowledged
to be severely endangered. The Philippine Eagle
is protected by law in the country and there is
extreme punishment for any harm done to them.
 7. Dr. JOSE P. RIZAL The National Hero of the
Philippines.

8. CARIÑOSA OR TINIKLING The Philippine

national dance. Gracefulness is symbolized
by this dance.

9. CARABAO (WATER BUFFALO) The Philippine national

animal. It symbolizes industriousness and hard work due to
its use on many farms in the country.

10. BANGUS (MILK FISH) The Philippine’s

national fish. It symbolizes versatility, because
of the many ways in which it can be cooked.
 11. MANGO The national fruit. Philippine
mangoes are considered the sweetest fruit in
the world.

12. BARONG The Philippine national costume or clothing style

for men- (untacked shirt of thin fabric displaying Chinese,
Indo-Malayan tropical and Hindu influences) for Women:
BARO’T SAYA (skirt and blouse with no collar).

13. “BAYAN KO” AND “PILIPINAS KONG MAHAL” are

the Philippine national songs.
14. ARNIS The Philippine national sport
(stick fighting).

15. ANAHAW (LIVISTONA ROTUNDIFOLIA) The Philippine

national plant. This plant is often used as hat, umbrella, or
fan symbolizing the Filipino’s resourcefulness.

16. NIPA HUT the Philippine national house.

Typically, a small bamboo house with a
thatched roof.
 IMPORTANT DATES, EVENTS, AND
PERSONS
IN THE RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

In 1834, Manila was officially part of the world commerce and

the means of transportation and communication improved
Illustrados - middle class Filipinos that were educated
Inquilinos - Filipino families who leased property to the friars
 1565 - Religious orders took control of the parishes in the
Philippines these are the Augustinian, Recollects, Dominican,
and Franciscan.
 In 1862, he Expose the
discrimination of Filipino
clergy’s and the racial and
national conflict with the
Friars.

1865 - Religious orders tool control of the parishes

Council of Trent - secular priest should control the parishes
19th Century - Majority of the Filipino Priest were qualified as
Secular Priests
Gov. General Carlos Maria De La
Torre y Nava Cerrada - He was the
one who boost and inspired the
Secularization movement and leads a
Liberal Regime in Spain.

Alpargatas –
the Spanish
national
footwear for
peasants.
January 20, 1872 - Two hundred
Filipino troops and employees,
led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid,
who took control of the Spanish
arsenal in Cavite, mutinied
against Spaniards. Gov.
Izquierdo sent troops forthwith
to quench the rebellion. The
ring leaders were murdered and
persecuted by La Madrid,
accusing the GOMBURZA as the
Rebellion’s mastermind.
 Francisco Zaldua - A Bicolano
soldier who testified against the
GOMBURZA
 GOMBURZA – refers to the three priests martyrs:

FATHER MARIANO GOMEZ - FATHER JOSE BURGOS - parish FATHER JACINTO ZAMORA -
archbishop Vicar in Cavite. priest of Manila Cathedral, parish priest in Marikina; was
Accepted the death penalty advocate in the Filipinization of unfriendly to arrogant and
calmly as though it were his the clergy. authoritative behaviour of
penance for being pro-Filipino. Spaniards.

ISSUE: ISSUE: ISSUE:

FATHER GOMEZ - participated in FATHER BURGOS - involved in FATHER ZAMORA - victim of
the secularization but no longer the issue of secularization mistaken identity since the
active in 1872 and he was warrant of arrest is for JOSE
already more than 82 years old. ZAMORA, a critic of Spanish
government at that time.
 PROPAGANDA OR REFORM MOVEMENT
 PROPAGANDA - a systematic effort to spread opinion or beliefs by means
of pen and tongue
 PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT - also known as Junta de Propaganda, Cuerpo
de Compromisarios and La Solidaridad founded by illustrados in the 19 th
century to improve the lives of low indios thru reform or law.
 PROPAGANDIST OR REFORMIST - Filipino reformers who fled the county
to escape persecution in 1872.
MAJOR CAUSES OF THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
 Emergence of the middle class
 Liberal administration of Gov. de la Torre
 Execution of GomBurZa
GOALS OF THE MOVEMENT
 Make Philippines a province of Spain
 Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes
 Equality between Filipinos and Spaniards
 Secularization or granting Filipino priest the right to hold parishes
 Gaining Freedom of speech, expression and assembly
THREE LEADING REFORMISTS IN 19th CENTURY…
DR. JOSE P. RIZAL • Regarded as the conscience of the
movement.
• Pen names are DIMASALANG and
LAONG LAAN
• Acclaimed as FATHER OF THE
PHILIPPINE NATIONALISM for his
intellectual and idealistic support for
Philippine independence
• Wrote Noli Me tangere (touch me not), a
novel about social reality in the
Philippines in the 19th century
• Was imprisoned at Fort Santiago for
section, rebellion and illegal
association.
• His last poem Mi Ultimos Adios, was
given to his sister ehich was secretly
hidden inside the cocinilla de alcohol
(cooking lamp)
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
• Greatest journalist of the reform
movement
• Mastered the use of satire (the
use of humor, irony,
exaggeration, or ridicule to
expose and criticize people's
stupidity or vices.)
• Co-founder of the first bilingual
newspaper in the Philippines
"DIARIONG TAGALOG“
• Organized the first political group
in the Philippines known as
“JUNTA DE PROPAGANDA“
• His pseudonyms are: DOLORES
MANAPAT, PIPING DILAT, V.
GARCIA, and PLARIDEL.
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAINA
• He started a campaign for
freedom in1874 by writing "FRAY
BOTOD” (La hija de fraile) means
BIG-BELLIED-FRIAR.

• In his work, he revealed the

GLUTTONY, INDOLENCE and
GREEDINESS of friers as
represented by Fray Botod.

• His pen name was DIEGO LAURA

• Founded LA SOLIDARIDAD
(solidarity) which became the
MOUTHPIECE OF THE
PROPAGANDA
OTHER FILIPINO REFORMISTS
(THE GREAT FILIPINO PATRIOT)

DR. PEDRO
PATERNO
- Wrote the novel entitled "NINAY", the
first Filipino novel; that shows Filipino's
developed culture.

ANTONIO LUNA
• His work "Noche Buena“ depicts the
actual life in the Philippines
• "la Maestra de mi publo“ describe
defects of the educational system for
women
• His pen name was TAGA-ILOG.
 ANDRES BONIFACIO
- Known as "SUPREMO OF KATIPUNAN" was one of its
founders

- His work "Pag-ibig sa Tinubang Lupa" discusses the

importance of loving the motherland.

- His pseudonym was AGAPITO BAGUMBAYAN

- He prepared the Decalogue "katungkulang Gawain ng

mga Anak ng Bayan" but later adopted the "KARTILLA
NG KATIPUNAN" of Emilio Jacinto

EMILIO JACINTO
- Regarded as "BRAIN OF THE KATIPUNAN“

- Joined the katipunan under the name PINGKIAN

- Wrote the “KARTILLA NG KATIPUNAN“ that served as

the moral and ethical guide for Katipuneros

- Chief editor of the KALAYAAN, the official newspaper of

the Katipunan.
 THE FOUNDING AND
RELEVANCE OF KATIPUNAN

KKK (Kataas-taasan, kagalang-

galangan, na katipunan ng mga Anak ng
Bayan or Katipunan)
- Was founded July 07, 1892
-
Deodato Arellano, first President, followed by Roman Basa and Andr
es Bonifacio
-
Were divided to 3 SEGMENT (KATIPON, KAWAL, BAYANI); each has its
known
password and members undergo blood compact.

KATIPUNEROS
• refers to the sons of the people
• used a triangle method to recruit members,
 NATIONALISTIC AND
PATRIOTIC
DUTIES AND DUTIES OF
OBLIGATIONS OF EVERY
CITIZENS FILIPINO
- It shall be the duty of the
citizen to be loyal to the republic and to Honour the Philippine flag, to
defend the state and contribute to its development and welfare, to
uphold the Constitution and obey the Laws, and to.
BAYANIHAN
- Mutual assistance, group liability, or social group work
- Sense of belongingness, teamwork, social responsibility and unity of
purpose among the people in the community.
- Would translate to doing a selfless heroic act without expecting
something in return.

MODERNIZED BAYANIHAN
CAN BE SEEN ON THE TIMES OF:
- Emergencies - Earthquakes
- Typhoons - Fire and other calamities
- Sickness - Death of a community member