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Lecture1 Week 3

The document discusses reversible and irreversible processes, outlining the conditions required for reversibility, such as frictionless conditions and infinitesimal pressure and temperature differences. It details various types of reversible non-flow processes, including isochoric, isobaric, isothermal, and adiabatic processes, along with their associated equations. Additionally, it notes that all flow processes are inherently irreversible, highlighting the differences in work calculations between reversible and irreversible processes.

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4 views35 pages

Lecture1 Week 3

The document discusses reversible and irreversible processes, outlining the conditions required for reversibility, such as frictionless conditions and infinitesimal pressure and temperature differences. It details various types of reversible non-flow processes, including isochoric, isobaric, isothermal, and adiabatic processes, along with their associated equations. Additionally, it notes that all flow processes are inherently irreversible, highlighting the differences in work calculations between reversible and irreversible processes.

Uploaded by

ah779612
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reversible and Irreversible

Process
Reversibility (fairy tale):
•The process must be frictionless
•The fluid must have no internal friction
•There must not be any friction between fluid
and wall of containers
•The difference in the pressure between fluid
and its surrounding during the process must be
infinitely small (why? & how?)
•The temperature difference between the fluid
and its surroundings during the process must be
infinitely small (why? and how?)
Reversible work Irreversible work
•Reversible non-flow processes
• Constant volume (isochoric process)
• rigid vessel
• Immovable boundary
• ∑W=0
For steam/vapour
• W + Q =U2-U1
• Q = U2-U1
For gas Q=mcv∆T
For vapour For gas
•Reversible non-flow processes
• Constant pressure (isobaric process)
• Movable/flexible boundary
For gas Q=mcp∆T
Constant Volume(isochoric process)

For vapour For gas


Constant pressure (isobaric process)
•Reversible non-flow processes
• Constant Temperature (Isothermal process)
• Heat must be supplied or rejected to keep
the temperature constant
Isothermal compression ????
Q+ W = u2-u 1
Q = H2- H1 for wet region
Q= T∆S for superheated region

Wet region ???


Superheated region ???
Compression or expansion ???
•Reversible non-flow processes
• Adiabatic process
• No Heat supplied or rejected
• For steam/vapour
•Reversible non-flow processes
• Adiabatic process
• ∑W=u2 – u1
• Work done on the system increases the
internal energy
• Work done by the system is at the cost of
internal energy
For gas (ideal)

dQ+ dW = du
dQ= 0, dW= -pdv
dQ= du +pdv=0
.
.
W= (p2v2 – p1v1)/(ϒ-1)
• Adiabatic expansion
Polytropic processes

Pv/T= c
pv n = c
Work input = (p2v2 – p1v1)/(n-1)
p1/p2= (v2/v1)n
Reversible flow process

All flow process are highly irreversible in nature

W ≠ -pdv ≠ u2-u1

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