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Physics Introduction

The document provides an overview of physics, defining it as the study of matter, energy, and fundamental forces. It covers major divisions such as classical and modern physics, the Theory of Relativity, quantum mechanics, and the fields of astrophysics and cosmology. Additionally, it discusses the properties and behaviors of light and sound, emphasizing their importance in technology and daily life.

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8 views9 pages

Physics Introduction

The document provides an overview of physics, defining it as the study of matter, energy, and fundamental forces. It covers major divisions such as classical and modern physics, the Theory of Relativity, quantum mechanics, and the fields of astrophysics and cosmology. Additionally, it discusses the properties and behaviors of light and sound, emphasizing their importance in technology and daily life.

Uploaded by

asfd59286
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Areas/Branches of

Science: Physics
Exploring Key Concepts in Physics
Presented by: [Sana Shafiq]
What is Physics?
• Definition: The study of matter, energy, and the
fundamental forces that shape our universe.
• Importance: Helps us understand the laws that govern
nature, from tiny subatomic particles to vast galaxies.
• Major Divisions:
- Classical Physics: Newtonian mechanics,
electromagnetism, thermodynamics.
• - Modern Physics: Relativity, quantum mechanics,
particle physics.
• - Applied Physics: Bridges physics with technology and
engineering.
• - Theoretical Physics: Explores mathematical models
to explain physical phenomena.
The Theory of Relativity - Introduction
• Developed by: Albert Einstein in the early 20th
century.
• Revolutionized Physics: Changed how we
understand time, space, and gravity.
• Two Major Components:
• - Special Relativity (1905): Deals with high-
speed motion and the constancy of the speed of
light.
• - General Relativity (1915): Describes how
gravity affects space and time.
• Impact on Modern Science: Basis for GPS
technology, space exploration, and black hole
studies.
Key Concepts of Special Relativity
• Postulates:
• - The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames.
• - The speed of light in a vacuum is constant, regardless
of the observer's motion.
• Effects of Special Relativity:
- Time Dilation: Moving clocks tick slower as speed
increases.
- Length Contraction: Objects appear shorter in the
direction of motion.
- Mass-Energy Equivalence: E = mc² (Energy and mass
are interchangeable).
- Relativistic Doppler Effect: Frequency shift of light from
moving objects.
Quantum Behavior and Uncertainty
• Introduction to Quantum Mechanics:
• - Explores physics at atomic and subatomic levels.
• - Introduces probability-based interpretations of reality.
• Key Principles:
• - Wave-Particle Duality: Particles like electrons behave
as both waves and particles.
• - Uncertainty Principle (Heisenberg): One cannot
precisely measure both position and momentum
simultaneously.
• - Quantum Entanglement: Particles can be instantly
correlated over long distances.
• - Quantum Superposition: Particles exist in multiple
states until measured.
Astrophysics and Cosmology -
Introduction
• Astrophysics: The study of celestial
objects and their interactions.
• Cosmology: The study of the origin,
structure, and evolution of the universe.
• Key Questions:
• - How did the universe begin?
• - What is the fate of the universe?
• - What are dark matter and dark energy?
• - Are we alone in the universe?
Light - Properties and Behavior
• Definition: Electromagnetic radiation that can
travel through a vacuum.
• Wave-Particle Duality: Behaves as both a wave
and a particle.
• Key Properties:
• - Speed: 3 × 10⁸ m/s in a vacuum.
• - Reflection, Refraction, and Dispersion.
• - Different wavelengths correspond to different
colors.
• - Polarization and Interference phenomena.
• Applications in fiber optics, photography, and
astronomy.
Sound - Properties and Behavior
• Definition: A mechanical wave that requires a medium to
travel.
• Key Properties:
• - Speed depends on the medium (fastest in solids,
slowest in gases).
• - Frequency determines pitch.
• - Amplitude determines loudness.
• - Doppler Effect: Frequency shift due to motion of the
source.
• Applications:
• - Ultrasound in medicine.
• - Echolocation in animals.
• - Noise-canceling technology.
• - Seismology (study of earthquakes and sound waves in
the Earth).
Conclusion
• Physics helps us understand fundamental principles
governing nature.
• The Theory of Relativity changed our view of space
and time.
• Quantum Mechanics reveals the mysteries of the
atomic world.
• Astrophysics and Cosmology explore the origins and
future of the universe.
• Light and sound play crucial roles in our daily lives
and technology.
• Physics continues to drive technological
advancements, from AI to space travel.

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