LIGHT AND

OPTIC SYSTEMS

UNIT 2
 INDIVIDUAL
READING:
ARTICLE 2 - HUBBL
E'S MIRROR.DOCX

How does Hubble Telescope work?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqrcuWOKeno
How Hubble’s Mirrors Help Us See Galaxies
Small Group: Answer the five questions in the article using
the five shapes shown in the diagram.
BIG IDEA 2
HOW DOES LIGHT AND THE WAY
IT BEHAVES HELP US SEE COLORS
AND UNDERSTAND HOW OUR
EYES WORK?
What is light and how does it
move through different
materials?

How does light and the way it

behaves help us see colors and
understand how our eyes work?
Regular
Mirror
vs. True
Mirror
Reflection
Reflection is a process in which light strikes a
surface and bounces off that surface.
 What is the difference?
This is reflection. This is also reflection.
 Specular vs. Diffuse
Reflection

Smooth surfaces Rough surfaces scatters

reflect light uniformly light randomly in all
(specular reflection) directions, so NO IMAGE
is formed (diffuse
reflection)
The process of reflection...
 The process of reflection...

Reflected ray:
Incident ray: ray
ray that
from a light source
bounces off a
that strikes a surface
surface​

To describe the direction of these

rays, you need to know about
certain angles.
 Angles of rays

When an incident ray

strikes a surface, a
line drawn
In
ci

perpendicular to this
de
n

surface at this point is

tr
ay

called the normal

line.
 Angles of rays

The angle formed

is the angle of
incidence (i)
In

The angle
ci
de

between the
n
tr

normal line and

ay

the reflected ray

is the angle of
reflection. (r)​
What is the relationship between the
angle of incidence and angle of
reflection?
 INFERRING
THE LAW OF
REFLECTIO
N
Inferring the Law of Reflection Lab.docx
Learning Objectives

 To investigate and establish the law of reflection through experimental

observation and analysis.

 Compare the angle of incidence to the angle of reflection.

 Describe where an image is formed by a plane mirror.

 Explain the characteristics of images formed from a plane mirror, including

their size and distance relative to the object.
Materials
Procedure

Draw the Mirror:

• Near the middle of one long side of the A4 paper, draw a

straight line. This line represents the flat surface of a mirror.
Label it "Plane Mirror." See diagram of paper below:

Place Your Object:

•Take your small object and place it about 5–10 cm in front of the
line you just drew. Trace around the object lightly with your
pencil. Label one end "P" (pointed end) and the other end "O"
Procedure

Draw Incident Rays:

•Remove the object. From point P, draw two separate straight lines
toward the mirror line. Make sure to add arrowheads on these lines
pointing toward the mirror. These lines show the paths of light rays
coming from the object. Label these lines “Incident Ray 1" and “Incident
Ray 2”.

Position the Mirror:

•Carefully place the mirror in its stand so that its reflecting surface
aligns perfectly with the line you drew for the plane mirror.
 Procedure
Shine the Light:

•Use the ray box or flashlight to shine a thin beam of light along one of the lines
you drew from point P. Mark the path of the reflected ray with dots.

•Draw the Reflected Ray:

•Remove the mirror and ray box. Connect the dots you made to draw a straight
line. Add an arrowhead on this line pointing away from the mirror to show it's a
reflected ray. Label this line “Reflected Ray 1”.

Draw the Normal Line:

•At the spot where the incident ray hits the mirror, draw a line at a right angle
Procedure
Measure the Angles:
• Use a protractor to measure the angle
of incidence (between the normal line
and the incident ray) and the angle of
reflection (between the normal line
and the reflected ray). Write down
your measurements.
 Procedure
Repeat for the Second Ray:

• Go back to Step 4 and repeat the process for the second incident ray
from point P.

Repeat for Point O:

• Follow Steps 3–9 again, but this time start from point O.

Observe the Image:

• Place the mirror and the object back on the paper. Look at the image of
the object in the mirror and the reflected rays you drew. Which point do
 Forming an image
The first law of
reflection states:
◦ The angle of
reflection equals
the angle of
incidence.
◦ This is important in
explaining the
image we see in
mirrors.
 Forming an image
The second law states
that
◦ the incident
ray, reflected
ray and the
normal, all
line in the
same plane.
Practice Law of Reflection
 How do we see an image in a
plane mirror?

Reflected rays which

come from the mirror
appear to be coming
from a point behind the
mirror (because the
brain interprets light
rays as travelling in
straight lines).
 How do we see an image in a
mirror?

The image in the mirror is the same size and same

distance away from the mirror as the object.
 Summary:
2 Rules of Plane Mirror
Images
 Summary:
2 Rules of Plane Mirror Images

Images formed appear

to be coming from
behind the mirror.

Images formed are

same size and same
distance as object.
Review: Reflection

Reflection occurs when light rays bounce off objects

What difference can
you observe?
 What does it Ray Diagram How does light What does
look like? behave? the image look
(Drawing) like?
Complete Plane Mirror flat surface Light reflects off
the table the surface at an same size and
angle equal to distance
(Only the the angle of
blue incidence
portions for Convex Mirror
now):
Investigating
Images in Concave Mirror
Plane, Convex
and Concave
Mirrors Double
Convex Lens

Double
Concave Lens
Curved Mirrors
Convex mirrors Concave mirrors

What difference can you

observe?
Convex mirrors Concave
mirrors
What do they look like?
What difference can you observe?
 Ray Diagram
• F (focal point) = is the spot
where light rays meet after
bouncing off a mirror.
• The spot where an image is
formed is typically near the
focal point.

What difference can you

observe?
 How Does Light
Behave?

• Converges/combines light rays.

• Focal point is in front of the
Light
source mirror.
• Therefore, the image is formed
in front of the mirror.
 How Does Light
Behave?

• Diverges or spreads out light

rays.
Light
source • Focal point is behind of the mirror.
• Therefore, the image is formed
behind the mirror.
What does an
image look like
in a convex
mirror?
-SMALLER AND UPRIGHT
What does an
image look
like in a
convex
mirror?
-SMALLER AND
UPRIGHT
What Depending on the object's location, the
image may be:
does an -enlarged or reduced
image -upright or inverted
look like
in a
concave
mirror?
Investigating Images in Plane, Convex and
Concave Mirrors
What does it Ray Diagram How does light What does
look like? behave? the image look
(Drawing) like?
Plane Mirror Light reflects off same size and
Flat surface the surface at an distance
angle equal to the
angle of incidence
Convex Mirror curved; bulges out Light rays upright, smaller
toward the light diverge/separate than the actual
source object

Concave Mirror Light rays Depending on the

object's location,
curves inward from converge/come the image may be:
the light source together -enlarged or
reduced
-upright or inverted
How Hubble’s Mirrors Help Us See Galaxies
- Add more information based on the concepts you learned about reflection
Definitions
Any ray of light travelling toward a
reflecting surface

Any ray of light that travels or bounces

away from a reflecting surface

The line drawn from the point where the

incident and reflected rays meet the
reflecting surface, and this is
perpendicular to the reflecting surface

The angle between the incident ray and

the normal

The angle between the reflected ray and

the normal
Definitions
Any ray of light travelling toward a Incident ray
reflecting surface

Any ray of light that travels or bounces Reflected ray

away from a reflecting surface

The line drawn from the point where the Normal

incident and reflected rays meet the
reflecting surface, and this is
perpendicular to the reflecting surface

The angle between the incident ray and Angle of incidence

the normal

The angle between the reflected ray and Angle of reflection

the normal
Summary
What is reflection?
Law of Reflection
Reflection on different surfaces
How do we see images in a
mirror?
◦ Concave & convex mirrors
What is light and
how does it move
through different
materials?
How does light and
the way it behaves
help us see colors and
understand how our
eyes work?
What is light and how does it
move through different
materials?

How does light and the way it

behaves help us see colors and
understand how our eyes work?