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LYMPH Group 1 (Autosaved)

The presentation covers the anatomy and functions of lymph, lymphatic vessels, and capillaries, detailing their roles in maintaining fluid balance, immune response, and nutrient absorption. Lymph is a clear fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system, composed of water, lymphocytes, and other substances, and is crucial for returning excess fluid to the bloodstream. The structure of lymphatic vessels resembles veins and includes valves to ensure one-way flow, ultimately supporting the body's immune system and fluid regulation.

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7 views26 pages

LYMPH Group 1 (Autosaved)

The presentation covers the anatomy and functions of lymph, lymphatic vessels, and capillaries, detailing their roles in maintaining fluid balance, immune response, and nutrient absorption. Lymph is a clear fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system, composed of water, lymphocytes, and other substances, and is crucial for returning excess fluid to the bloodstream. The structure of lymphatic vessels resembles veins and includes valves to ensure one-way flow, ultimately supporting the body's immune system and fluid regulation.

Uploaded by

k03788407
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ANATOMY II GROUP 1 PRESENTATION

Group members
Prince Kusi, Padi World, Victoria
LYMPH, LYMPHATIC VESSELS AND Kyagr, Christiania Dery, Mabel
Twum Ampofo, and Orelia
CAPILLARIES Atongo.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lecture, students should be able to :
Define the terms : Lymph, Lymphatic vessels and
Capillaries
List the various Lymphatic vessels
Describe the structure of the lymphatic vessels and
capillaries
Explain the functions of the Lymph, lymphatic
vessels and capillaries
THE LYMPHATIC
WHAT DOES ‘LYMPH’
MEAN?
Lymph’ comes from a latin word ‘Lympha’ meaning water. Lymph is a
clear fluid that flows through the lymphatic system which is a system
composed of lymph vessels and lymph nodes whose function is to
•Maintain fluid balance in the body by returning fluid to the heart and
carry nutrients and proteins to your cells and tissues.
•React to bacteria (enhancement and facilitation of the immune
system)
•Deal with cancer cells.
•Deal with cell products that otherwise would result in disease or
disorders.
•Absorb some of the fats in our diet from the intestine to the
bloodstream or storage.
COMPOSITION OF LYMPH
The lymph is composed of :
•Water
•Lymphocytes (White blood cells)
•Some granulocytes
•Oxygen
•Digested nutrients
•Hormones
•Carbon dioxide
• some small protein molecules
COLOUR OF THE LYMPH
Lymph doesn’t always look the same. Throughout
most of the body, it looks sort of like a weak milky
fluid, somewhere between clear to white and a pale
yellow.
•Its colour depends on its location in the lymphatic
system and composition.
•The lymph formed in the human digestive system called chyle is rich in triglycerides
(fat), and looks milky white because of its lipid content.
FORMATION OF THE LYMPH
•Blood pumped by the heart is at a high pressure in the arteries because it needs to
get to nook and cranny of the body.
•This pressure acts against the artery walls as the blood moves, the arteries branch
out into narrower arteries and then arterioles until eventually getting to capillaries.
•Since capillary walls have pores inside them and because of the pressure, blood plasma
as well as oxygen, white blood cells and nutrients leaks into the interstitial space
between blood vessels and cells to become tissue fluid.
•ABOUT 20 LITERS OF tissue FLUID LEAKS OUT OF
THE CAPILLARIES EVERYDAY OF THAT AMOUNT 17
LITERS WILL BE REABSORBED INTO THE VENOUS END
OF THE CAPILLARIES.

•THE 3 LITERS THAT ARE NOT REABSORBED BY THE


BLOOD VESSELS ARE then COLLECTED INTO
LYMPHATIC Capillaries and are termed lymph.
•The lymph is then returned to the blood stream by
the lymphatic vessels.
•It is important for the lymph to be returned to the
bloodstream for several reasons
• to prevent the fluid from causing cells to swell or
become damaged,
• if fluid doesn’t reenter the circulatory system at
the same rate that it leaves, the blood could
become thicker and lastly,
• the fluid contains waste molecules and toxins
that the body needs to eliminate.
LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES
•Lymphatic capillaries, also called the
terminal lymphatics, are vessels
where interstitial fluid enters the
lymphatic system to become lymph
fluid.
•Located in almost every tissue in the
body, these vessels are interlaced
among the arterioles and venules of
the circulatory system in the soft
connective tissues of the body.
•Exceptions are the central nervous
system, bone marrow, bones, teeth,
and the cornea of the eye, which do
not contain lymph vessels.
LYMPHATIC
CAPILLARY
• STRUCTURE
Lymphatic capillaries are
formed by a one cell-thick layer
of endothelial cells and
represent the open end of the
system, allowing interstitial fluid
to flow into them via
overlapping cells.
• When interstitial pressure is
low, the endothelial flaps close
to prevent “backflow.” As
interstitial pressure increases,
the spaces between the cells
open up, allowing the fluid to
LYMPHATIC
CAPILLARY
• STRUCTURE
Entry of fluid into lymphatic
capillaries is also enabled
by the collagen filaments
that anchor the capillaries
to surrounding structures.
• As interstitial pressure
increases, the filaments
pull on the endothelial cell
flaps, opening up them
even further to allow easy
entry of fluid.
LYMPHATIC VESSELS
•The lymphatic capillaries empty into larger lymphatic vessels,
which are similar to veins in terms of their three-tunic structure and
the presence of valves.
•These one-way valves are located fairly close to one another, and
each one causes a bulge in the lymphatic vessel, giving the vessels
a beaded appearance

•Unlike blood vessels that circulate blood in a continuous, closed-


loop system, these vessels carry fluid in one direction.
STRUCTURE OF THE
LYMPHATIC VESSELS
•Similar to veins of the cardiovascular system (have the same tunics
: Tunica intima, Tunica media, and Tunica externa
•They have thin endothelial walls
•And have valves in larger vessels
•The superficial and deep lymphatics
eventually merge to form larger
lymphatic vessels known as
lymphatic trunks.
•On the right side of the body, the
right sides of the head, thorax, and
right upper limb drain lymph fluid
into the right subclavian vein via the
right lymphatic duct (Figure 21.1.3).
• On the left side of the body, the
remaining portions of the body drain
into the larger thoracic duct, which
drains into the left subclavian vein.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
LYMPH, LYMPHATIC VESSELS
AND CAPILLARIES
•Collecting excess fluid from your body’s tissues and returning it to
your bloodstream. This supports healthy fluid levels in your body. Your
lymphatic system also filters out waste products and abnormal cells from
this fluid.
•Helping your body absorb fats. Most nutrients can travel through tiny
openings (pores) in the walls of your capillaries, and your body can then
absorb and use them. But certain fats and other molecules are too large to
travel in this way. Your lymphatic system collects fluid from your intestines
that contains these molecules and transports it back to your bloodstream.
•Protecting your body against invaders. Your lymphatic system is part of
your immune system. It produces and releases lymphocytes (a type of white
blood cell) and other immune cells. These cells look for and destroy invaders
— such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi — that may enter your body.

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