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Garcia World Religion Islam

The document outlines the origins, sacred texts, doctrines, and various issues surrounding Islam, highlighting the role of Prophet Muhammad as its founder and the significance of the Qur'an. It discusses the Five Pillars of Islam, the distinctions between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims, and addresses contemporary issues such as gender inequality and the concept of jihad. The document emphasizes the complexity and diversity within the Islamic faith and its followers.

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Monard Nojanes
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7 views29 pages

Garcia World Religion Islam

The document outlines the origins, sacred texts, doctrines, and various issues surrounding Islam, highlighting the role of Prophet Muhammad as its founder and the significance of the Qur'an. It discusses the Five Pillars of Islam, the distinctions between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims, and addresses contemporary issues such as gender inequality and the concept of jihad. The document emphasizes the complexity and diversity within the Islamic faith and its followers.

Uploaded by

Monard Nojanes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ISLAM

A. PROPHET MOHAMMAD AS THE FOUNDER OF


ISLAM
BACKGROUND OF MUHAMMAD
• AN ORPHAN FROM A POOR BEDOUIN TRIBE, AND INFLUENCE OF JUDAISM
AND MONOPHYSITE CHRISTIANITY (THAT THE DIVINE AND THE HUMAN
JESUS WERE INTEGRATED IN THE SAME BODY) IN THE BYZANTINE
EMPIRE. FROM 610, AT 40, MUHAMMAD STARTED TO RECEIVE
REVELATIONS FROM GOD, WHICH HE WOULD LATER RECITE IN FRONT OF
AUDIENCES. THESE RECITATIONS WERE CALLED THE QUR’AN, OR
“REVELATION”, AND FORMED THE HEART OF ISLAM.
ORIGIN OF ISLAM:ACCORDING TO SECULAR
HISTORY

• THE ORIGIN OF ISLAM CAN BE TRACED BACK TO 7TH CENTURY SAUDI


ARABIA. ISLAM IS THUS THE YOUNGEST OF THE GREAT WORLD
RELIGIONS.
ORIGIN OF ISLAM: ACCORDING TO ISLAM

• THE ORIGIN OF ISLAM IS GENERALLY ACCREDITED TO THE PROPHET


MUHAMMAD BUT TO THE DEVOUT MUSLIM, ISLAM BEGAN LONG BEFORE
MUHAMMAD EVER WALKED THE EARTH. THE QUR’AN WAS DICTATED BY
MUHAMMAD BUT, ACCORDING TO THE QUR’AN, IT DID NOT ORIGINATE
WITH MUHAMMAD.
THE ORIGIN OF ISLAM: THE “PREVIOUS
SCRIPTURES”

• THE ORIGIN OF ISLAM IS CONTROVERSIAL. THE “PREVIOUS SCRIPTURES”


MENTIONED ABOVE ARE THE HEBREW TORAH, THE PSALMS OF DAVID,
AND THE GOSPELS OF JESUS CHRIST (SURA 4:163; 5:44-48). THE QUR’AN
ACCEPTS THESE BOOKS AS DIVINELY INSPIRED AND EVEN ENCOURAGES
US TO TEST ITS CLAIMS BY THESE “PREVIOUS SCRIPTURES.”
ORIGIN OF ISLAM:

THE QUR’AN
VS. THE BIBLE
• THE BIBLE IS A COLLECTION OF RELIGIOUS TEXTS OR SCRIPTURES THAT
ARE HELD TO BE SACRED IN CHRISTIANITY, JUDAISM, SAMARITANISM,
AND MANY OTHER RELIGIONS. THE BIBLE IS AN ANTHOLOGY – A
COMPILATION OF TEXTS OF A VARIETY OF FORMS – ORIGINALLY WRITTEN
IN HEBREW, ARAMAIC, AND KOINE GREEK.
• THE QURAN, ALSO ROMANIZED QUR'AN OR KORAN, IS THE CENTRAL
RELIGIOUS TEXT OF ISLAM, BELIEVED BY MUSLIMS TO BE A REVELATION
FROM GOD. IT IS ORGANIZED IN 114 CHAPTERS, WHICH CONSIST OF
VERSES.
THE RISE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM

• DERIVED FROM BOTH JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY, ISLAM WAS A


RELIGION THAT CLAIMED PROPHETS FROM BOTH RELIGIONS (ADAM,
NOAH, ABRAHAM, MOSES, & JESUS), AND SAW ITSELF AS SHARING THE
SAME GOD WITH THESE TWO RELIGIONS, WITH MUHAMMAD BEING THE
LAST PROPHET. THE MUSLIMS SAW THEMSELVES AS DESCENDANTS OF
ABRAHAM, THE ANCESTOR OF THE JEWS, AND, THE DESCENDANTS OF
ISHMAEL, ABRAHAM’S ELDER SON BY THIS EGYPTIAN BONDMAID.
B. SACRED TEXTS: QUR’AN,
HADITH
THE QUR’AN

• THE SACRED WRITING OF THE MUSLIMS IS CALLED QUR’AN (OR KORAN


IN ENGLISH) THAT LITERALLY MEANS “RECITATION” OR “READING”. THE
QUR’AN IS THE REVELATION FROM GOD OF HIS SPEECH (KALAM) AND IS
THE FOUNDATION OF THE ISLAM RELIGION (BOWKER 1997). IT IS THE
SUPREME AUTHORITY IN ALL MATTERS OF FAITH, THEOLOGY, AND LAW
(PARRINDER 1971).
THE HADITH

• THE HADITH IS THE COLLECTION OF THE DEEDS AND SAYINGS OF


MUHAMMAD AND HIS FOLLOWERS (“TRADITIONAL REPORTS OR SAYING”)
AND IS THE SECOND SOURCE OF SHARI’A LAW (HORRIE & CHIPPINDALE
2003). UNLIKE THE QURAN THAT WAS OFFICIALLY COMPILED UNDER THE
AUSPICES OF A CENTRAL AUTHORITY, THE HADITHS WERE COLLECTED
GENERATIONS AFTER THE DEATH OF MUHAMMAD.
C. DOCTRINES: FIVE PILLARS OF
ISLAM
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM. THE BASIC OBLIGATIONS OF MUSLIMS
ARE CALLED FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM OR ARKAN AL-DIN.
THE CREED
(SHAHADA)
THE BASIC CREED OF ISLAM THAT
“THERE IS NO GOD BUT ALLAH;
MUHAMMAD IS THE MESSENGER
OF ALLAH” IS KNOWN AS
SHAHADA. IN ARABIC, THE
SHAHADA IS RECITED AS “LA
ILAHA ILLA ALLAH;
MUHAMMADON RASUL ALLAH.”
THESE ARE THE VERY FIRST
WORDS UTTERED INTO AN
INFANT’S EAR AND PERHAPS THE
LAST WORDS GIVEN TO A DYING
MUSLIM.
OBLIGATORY PRAYER (SALAT)

• JUST AS THE BODY REQUIRES FOOD FOR ITS DAILY SUSTENANCE,


PRAYERS ARE DONE FOR SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT SO THAT A MUSLIM’S
CHARACTER AND CONDUCT REMAIN SOUND AND HEALTHY.
POOR TAX (ZAKAT)

• MUSLIMS WHO LIVE ABOVE THE SUBSISTENCE LEVEL MUST PAY ZAKAT
OR THE POOR TAX TO AID THE UNDERPRIVILEGED MUSLIMS. AFFLUENT
MUSLIMS MUST SHARE THEIR WEALTH TO THE UNFORTUNATE ONES.
FASTING (SAWM)

• FASTING OR SAWN DURING THE ENTIRE 30 DAYS OF RAMADAN, THE


NINTH MONTH OF THE ISLAMIC CALENDAR, MUST BE PERFORMED BY ALL
MUSLIMS EVERY YEAR. THE RAMADAN IS BELIEVED TO BE THE MONTH
WHEN MUHAMMAD RECEIVED THE FIRST SURAH OF THE QURAN. THE
SAWN IS DONE BY ALL MUSLIMS TO EXPRESS OBEDIENCE TO ALLAH AND
THE READINESS TO RELIQUISH PLEASURES IN THEIR LIVES.
PILGRIMAGE TO
MECCA (HAJJ)
ALL MUSLIMS MUST ATTEMPT TO
UNDERTAKE A PILGRIMAGE TO
THE HOLY CITY OF MECCA OR
HAJJ (VISITATION OF HOLY
PLACES) ATLEAST ONCE IN THEIR
LIFETIME DURING THE TWELFTH
ISLAMIC MONTH. THE “GRAND
MOSQUE” (AL-MASJID AL-HARAM)
IN THE MECCA HOUSES THE
MOST SACRED SITE OF ISLAM,
THE KAABA (HOUSE OF ALLAH).
D. GOD: ALLAH

• IS THE ABSOLUTE ONE, THE ALL-POWERFUL AND ALL-KNOWING RULER


OF THE UNIVERSE, AND THE CREATOR OF EVERYTHING IN EXISTENCE.
E. PRACTITIONERS: SUNNI,
SHI’ITE, SUFI
SUNNI MUSLIMS (THE SUNNIS)

• MAJORITY OF MUSLIMS, AROUND 87% TO 90% OF THE ENTIRETY OF


ISLAM BELIEVERS, BELONG TO THE SUNNI DENOMINATION. THE SUNNIS
ARE TRADITIONALISTS AND ARE CONSIDERED THE ORTHODOX OF ISLAM
AS THEY ENDEAVOR TO FOLLOW THE ORIGINAL RELIGION ESTABLISHED
BY MUHMMAD.
SHI’A (THE SHI’ITES)

• THE LARGEST FACTION WITHIN THE ISLAM RELIGION THAT SEPARATED


FROM THE REST OF THE COMMUNITY.
SUFI

• MUSLIMS WHOSE CONCERN MAINLY DWELL FOR A MYSTICAL UNION WITH


GOD ARE COLLECTIVELY CALLED SUFIS.
F. ISSUES: GENDER
INEQUALITY, HOLY WAR,
MILITANT ISLAM &
MIGRATION
ISLAM AND WOMEN

• THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN MUSLIM SOCITIES IS A COMPLICATED SUBJECT


SINCE THEIR RIGHT VARY GREATLY THROUGHOUT ISLAMIC NATIONS.
WOMEN IN ISLAM MUST ACCEPT THAT THEIR ROLES IN SOCIETY VARY
GREATLY WHEN COMPARED TO MEN. FOREMOST, THEY MUST REMAIN
OBEDIENT TO THEIR FATHERS AND HUSBAND.
THE HOLY WAR (JIHAD)

• ONE CONTROVERSIAL REQUIREMENT PLACED UPON MUSLIMS BY THEIR


FAITH CONCERNS HOLY WAR OR JIHAD. A FREQUENTLY MISTRANSLATED
TERM, JIHAD MEANS “EFFORT” OR “STRUGGLE” TO CONVINCE
UNBELIEVERS TO PURSUE THE MUSLIM WAY OF LIFE.
MILITANCY AND TERRORISM

• ISLAM IS A RELIGION OF MERCY THAT PROHIBITS TERRORISM. DURING


MUHAMMAD’S TIME, HE PROSCRIBED HIS SOLDIERS TO KILL WOMEN AND
CHILDREN, AND EVEN LISTED MURDER AS THE SECOND OF THEMAJOR
SINS.
MIGRATION

• THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY SAW A SIGNIFICANT MIGRATION OF


MUSLIMS FROM SYRIA, LEBANON, AND JORDAN TO THE US. AFTER THE
SECOND WORLD WAR, EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ENCOURAGED
EMIGRATION FROM FORMER COLONIES TO AUGMENT MANPOWER
SHORTAGES.

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