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Chapter 4 PPT 2

Chapter Four discusses flexural members, commonly known as beams, which are structural elements designed to carry transverse loads through bending and shear. It outlines the classification of beam sections based on their failure modes and provides design criteria for fully laterally restrained beams, including checks for bending, shear, and buckling resistance. The chapter also includes specific calculations and considerations for different beam types and loading scenarios.

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13 views37 pages

Chapter 4 PPT 2

Chapter Four discusses flexural members, commonly known as beams, which are structural elements designed to carry transverse loads through bending and shear. It outlines the classification of beam sections based on their failure modes and provides design criteria for fully laterally restrained beams, including checks for bending, shear, and buckling resistance. The chapter also includes specific calculations and considerations for different beam types and loading scenarios.

Uploaded by

chalagurmesa323
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER FOUR

Flexural Members

1
INTRODUCTION
 Flexural members, otherwise known as beams, are structural elements
that span between or across supports carry principally transverse
loadings which are resisted by flexural bending and shear.
 A beam is a combination of a tension element and a compression
element
 Flexural members are to be designed in such a way that both the cross-
sections resistance to a loads be established and member capacity
verified against possible buckling failures.

2
 The main uses of beams are
 To support floors
 Carry roof sheeting as purlins,
 Side cladding as sheeting rails, and
 To support bridge decks

3
Classification of Sections
 Classification of sections  Class 1 (Plastic),
of compression members plastic moment with
depends on their failure enough rotation
modes under load.  Class 2 (Compact),
 The EBCS EN 1993, 3-1 plastic moment limited
classifies sections into four rotation
categories. Accordingly,  Class 3 (Semi-compact),
the design strength of a or yield moment
cross-section subject to  Class 4 (thin-walled)
compression depends on local buckling
its classification as: According to their capacity

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5
.

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.

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Design Criteria for Flexural Members

FULLY LATERALLY RESTRAINED BEAMS


Generally, such members should be checked for
1. Resistance of cross-section to bending ULS
2. Resistance to shear buckling ULS
3. Resistance to flange-induced buckling ULS
4. Resistance of the web to transverse forces
ULS
5. Deflection SLS

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FULLY LATERALLY RESTRAINED BEAMS
.

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Bending Strength ULS of fully laterally restrained beams

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•

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Weff,min is minimum effective section modulus

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13
Ψ is the stress ratio
b is the appropriate width
for Webs b = d
Internal flanges b = C
Box elements: b = b-3t
Outstand flanges b = c
Unequal-legged angle: b = (b + h)/2
Equal-legged angle: b = h or (b + h)/2
kσ is the buckling factor corresponding to the stress ratio ψ and
boundary conditions.
t is the thickness;

14
Cross section resistance Shear

b) rolled channel sections, load parallel to


• web
A – 2btf + (tw + r) tf
c) rolled T-section, load parallel to web
0.9(A-btf )
d) welded I, H and box sections, load
parallel to web = ηΣ (hw tw)
e) welded I, H, channel and box sections,
load parallel to flanges
A-Σ (hw tw)
f) rolled rectangular hollow sections of
uniform thickness:
load parallel to depth Ah/(b+h)
load parallel to width Ab/(b+h)
g) circular hollow sections and tubes of
uniform thickness 2A/π
 η may be conservatively taken equal
1.0 15
• Where
 η may be conservatively taken
equal to 1.0.
 hw and tw are the height and
thickness of the web.
 VEd is the design value of the shear
force.
 t is the thickness at the examined
point.
 Af is the area of one flange
 Aw is the area of web
 τEd is shear stress

16
Bending and Shear Interaction

Subtract fyr from M c,Rd

For I cross sections of equal flanges, with bending about the major axis y,
the bending moment resistance My,V,Rd

17
Flange-induced buckling

To prevent the possibility of the compression flange buckling in


the plane of the web, requires that the ratio hw/tw of the web
should satisfy the following criterion:

18
Beam resistance to transverse forces
•

19
•

20
Reduction factor

Effective loaded length, ly for loading types (a) and (b) in Fig. above

• SS is stiff bearing length


• Ss this is the dimension parallel to the
longitudinal axis of beam over the load
which effectively distributed to the outer
face of flanges
• Where load transferred I or H section the
stiff bearing length is
SS = 2 (tf + r) but not more than hw
21
• a is the length of web stiffeners
Effective loaded length, ly for for loading types (c) in Fig. below

Take the
smallest
value

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•

23
•

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•

For Outstand flanges

For internal
compression parts

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•

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Bending and shear
the plastic resistance moment of the section, i.e. Mpl,Rd, is reduced if
VEd > 0.5Vpl,Rd

But in this case VEd = 0 (at mid-span) Hence, no check is required.


SHEAR BUCKLING RESISTANCE

K = 0.3 for plastic


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Example 2 Design of a laterally fully restrained beam
Select and check a suitable beam section using S 235 steel to support the loads
shown below. Assume beam is fully laterally restrained and that it sits on 125
mm bearings at each end.

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