GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ,TEKARI GAYA(824235)

Department of science, technology and Technical education Affiliated

By State Board of Technology Education (SBTE)

MAJOR PROJECT ON

AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL SYSTEM

NAME: NIRAJ SACHIN KAMTAKUMAR

ROLL NO: 611412021603

BRANCH/SEM: ELECTRICAL ENGG. / 6TH

 INTRODUCTION:

Railway level crossings have long been a critical point of concern in transportation safety. With
increasing traffic density and train frequency, the risk of accidents at manned and unmanned
railway crossings has significantly risen. Manual operation of gates is prone to human errors,
delays, and inefficiencies, which can lead to fatal accidents, traffic congestion, and loss of
property.

An Automatic Railway Gate System addresses these issues by introducing automation into the
operation of level crossing gates. This system relies on various sensors—such as infrared (IR),
ultrasonic, or RFID sensors—to detect the presence and movement of trains approaching or
leaving a crossing.
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 Main purpose

• The core idea is to eliminate human involvement in the gate operation process,
thereby increasing safety, accuracy, and reliability. When a train is detected at a
specific distance from the crossing, the system automatically activates a warning
signal (such as flashing lights and alarms), lowers the gates to prevent vehicles and
pedestrians from crossing, and reopens them only after the train has safely passed.
• Advanced versions of the system may include GSM modules for real-time alerts, IoT-
based monitoring for remote control and diagnostics, and solar power integration
for energy efficiency.

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 AIM

• The aim of this project is to design and implement an

Automatic Railway Gate Control System using
sensors and a microcontroller to automatically operate
railway gates. The system is intended to reduce human
error, prevent accidents at level crossings, and ensure
the safe and efficient movement of trains and road
traffic.

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PREFACE
• This project on the Automatic Railway
Gate System has been undertaken to
enhance safety and efficiency at railway
level crossings. With the rise in
accidents due to manual errors and
delayed gate operations, this system
aims to automate gate control using
sensors and microcontrollers. It is a step
toward modernizing railway
infrastructure through simple yet
effective technology, ensuring safer
transportation for both trains and road
users.
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 • Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino
UNO / ATmega328) – Acts as the
brain of the system.

• IR Sensors / Ultrasonic Sensors –

Detect the arrival and departure of the
train.

COMPONEN • Servo Motor / DC Motor – Operates

T USED: the gate mechanism

• Resistors, Capacitors, and Jumper

Wires – For circuit connections and
stability.

• Mini glue gun – For strenghtning the

circuit connection.

• Train toy model –Battery operated

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 • A soldering iron is a hand tool used in electronics to melt
solder, a fusible metal alloy, which is then used to join
electronic components and wires together on a circuit
board.

Soldering • 🔧 Basic Components of a Soldering Iron:

• Tip – The heated end used to melt solder.
Iron: • Heating Element – Heats the tip (can be electric or gas-
powered).
• Handle – Insulated grip to protect the user from heat.
• Power Cord or Battery – Supplies electricity (for electric
types).
• Temperature Control (optional) – Allows you to adjust
heat.
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 • A mini glue gun is a compact
adhesive tool designed for

Mini
precise and controlled
application of hot glue. It's
widely used in arts and

Glue
crafts, DIY projects, light
repairs, and decorations.
Ideal for bonding lightweight

Gun:
materials such as paper,
fabric, foam, plastic, and
wood, it heats up quickly and
is easy to handle, making it
perfect for detailed or small-
scale work.

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Jumper Wires:

• Jumper wires are small, insulated

wires used to connect components
on a breadboard or between
electronic modules without
soldering. They’re essential in
prototyping electronic circuits,
especially with microcontrollers
like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or
similar boards.

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Types Of • Male-to-Male (M-M): Both ends have pins; used for breadboard to breadboard

Jumper or module to breadboard.

• Male-to-Female (M-F): One pin and one socket; connects a breadboard/module

Wires: to a device like Arduino.

• Female-to-Female (F-F): Both ends have sockets; useful for pin-to-pin
connections between modules.

• Uses in a Railway Gate System:

• In an Automatic Railway Gate System, jumper wires are used to:

• Connect sensors (like IR or ultrasonic) to the microcontroller.

• Link motors, buzzers, or LEDs to control pins.

• Connect the power supply and ground across all components.

• They’re super handy, reusable, and perfect for quick testing.

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Arduino Uno:

The Arduino Uno is one of the

most popular and beginner-
friendly microcontrollers used
in electronics and prototyping.
It’s based on the ATmega328P
chip and comes with a wide
range of capabilities that make
it ideal for projects like your
Automatic Railway Gate
Control System.
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IR Sensor

• An Infrared (IR) sensor is

an electronic device that
detects infrared radiation,
typically emitted by objects
due to their temperature.
These sensors are widely
used in various applications,
including motion detection,
proximity sensing,
temperature measurement,
and gas detection.

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Train Toy
Model:

• Integrating a toy train model

into an Automatic Railway
Gate Control System is an
excellent way to
demonstrate automation
and safety in railway
crossings. Here's a
comprehensive guide to help
you set up such a system
using an Arduino and IR
sensors.

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 Servomotor:

• A servo motor is a precise rotary or linear actuator widely used in applications requiring accurate control of angular or
linear position, velocity, and acceleration. In an Automatic Railway Gate Control System, servo motors are employed
to operate the gate barrier, ensuring timely opening and closing based on train detection.

• 🧩 Types of Servo Motors

• DC Servo Motors: These motors use direct current and are commonly found in applications requiring moderate precision.

• AC Servo Motors: Operating on alternating current, these motors are suitable for high-precision applications, offering
better efficiency and performance .
• Continuous Rotation Servo Motors: Unlike standard servo motors that have a limited rotation angle (typically 180°),
continuous rotation servos can rotate indefinitely in either direction, making them ideal for driving wheels or conveyors.

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Program
For Arduino
operating
the system

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 Progra
• #include <Servo.h>

• const int IRsensor1 = A1;

• const int IRsensor2 = A2;
• const int BUZZER = 10;
• const int Rled = 11;
• const int Gled = 12;

m •
•

•
•
Servo myservo1;
Servo myservo2;

void setup() {
pinMode(IRsensor1, INPUT);

inserte
• pinMode(IRsensor2, INPUT);
• pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT);
• pinMode(Rled, OUTPUT);
• pinMode(Gled, OUTPUT);
•
• myservo1.attach(5); // Servo motor 1 pin connected to D5

d in
• myservo2.attach(6); // Servo motor 2 pin connected to D6
• }

• void loop() {
• int Sensordata1 = digitalRead(IRsensor1); // read digital data from IR sensor1
• int Sensordata2 = digitalRead(IRsensor2); // read digital data from IR sensor2

arduino
•
• myservo1.write(0); // sets the servo at 0 degree position
• myservo2.write(0); // sets the servo at 0 degree position

• if (Sensordata1 == LOW && Sensordata2 == HIGH) {

• myservo2.write(90); // sets the servo at 90 degree position
• myservo1.write(90); // sets the servo at 90 degree position
•

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 Working of the system:
• The Automatic Railway Gate System operates based on sensor input and microcontroller logic to open and close the
railway crossing gate automatically as a train approaches or departs. The working can be broken down into the
following steps:
• Train Detection:
• Two sensors (usually IR or ultrasonic) are placed at a certain distance before and after the railway crossing.
• When a train passes the first sensor (entry sensor), it sends a signal to the microcontroller, indicating that a train is
approaching.
• Gate Closing:
• Upon detecting the incoming train, the microcontroller triggers an alarm (buzzer or light) to warn nearby vehicles
and pedestrians.
• After a short delay for warning, the microcontroller activates a motor that automatically lowers the gate, blocking the
road for safety.

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 (A special part of working system)
Train Passing Monitoring:
• As the train crosses the gate, it eventually passes the second sensor (exit sensor), which indicates
the train has left the crossing area.

• Gate Opening:
• Once the train has completely passed, the microcontroller deactivates the alarm and activates the
motor to lift the gate.
• The road is reopened for traffic, and the system resets, ready for the next train.
• This cycle ensures the gate only operates when needed, minimizing traffic disruption while
maximizing safety. In advanced systems, additional modules like GSM for alerts or IoT for remote
monitoring can also be integrated.

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 Precautions:

• Make proper electrical connections and all the components carefully .

• Program the Arduino uno carefully. During its coding ,look if there is any fault ,if it is
there then it should be first removed before running the system.
• Make suitable connections between IR sensors ,ARDUINO and SERVOMOTOR.
• Check for remaining bugs in the program if there is some , then remove it .
• Now after the completion of the fault and bugs removal , the system is ready.

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 Conclusion:

• Automatic railway gate control systems play a vital role in enhancing safety at railway crossings. By
minimizing human intervention, they reduce the risk of accidents and delays. The integration of
accurate sensors, robust communication, and reliable power sources ensures consistent
performance. Features like obstacle detection and real-time alerts further improve operational safety.
Regular maintenance and public awareness are essential for long-term effectiveness. Manual
overrides and emergency protocols act as crucial safety backups. Thorough testing under various
conditions guarantees system reliability. Overall, these systems represent a significant advancement
in transportation safety technology.

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 THANK YOU • HOD (PRAVEEN GUPTA SIR)
TO ALL THE • PROJECT MANAGING HEAD (ASHISH
TEACHERS SIR)
WHO • LAB(JP SIR)
GUIDED US • LAB ASSISSTANT (RADHE SIR)
WHILE
PREPAIRING
THE GREAT
PROJECT

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