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Sensors

The document provides a comprehensive overview of sensors, defining them as devices that convert signals from various energy domains to electrical signals. It classifies sensors into active and passive types, as well as analog and digital categories, and discusses various types of sensors including temperature, proximity, infrared, and alcohol sensors. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of sensors in industrial applications and medicine for monitoring and safety.

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2 views

Sensors

The document provides a comprehensive overview of sensors, defining them as devices that convert signals from various energy domains to electrical signals. It classifies sensors into active and passive types, as well as analog and digital categories, and discusses various types of sensors including temperature, proximity, infrared, and alcohol sensors. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of sensors in industrial applications and medicine for monitoring and safety.

Uploaded by

isheanesu2222
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Sensors

CONTENTS

01. 02. 03. 04.

Definition Introduction classification of types of sensors


sensors
PART ONE
Definition
• It is a device that converts signals from one energy

domain to electrical domain.

• A sensor is a hardware device that detects

changes in the environment and takes in the data

in analog form.
PART TWO
introduction
A B

There are numerous definitions as to what a The term “input device” in the definition
sensor is but I would like to define a Sensor of a Sensor means that it is part of a
as an input device which provides an output bigger system which provides input to a
(signal) with respect to a specific physical main control system (like a Processor or a
quantity (input) Microcontroller).
A B

There are numerous definitions as to what a The term “input device” in the definition
sensor is but I would like to define a Sensor of a Sensor means that it is part of a
as an input device which provides an output bigger system which provides input to a
(signal) with respect to a specific physical main control system (like a Processor or a
quantity (input) Microcontroller).
PART THREE

Classification of
sensors
There are several classifications of sensors made by
different authors and experts. Some are very simple and
some are very complex.
The following classification of sensors may already be
used by an expert in the subject but this is a very simple
classification of sensors.
In the first classification of the sensors, they are divided in to Active and
Passive.
• Active Sensors are those which require an external excitation signal
or a power signal
• Passive Sensors, on the other hand, do not require any external
power signal and directly generates output response.

The next classification is based on conversion phenomenon


i.e., the input and the output. Some of the common
conversion phenomena are Photoelectric, Thermoelectric,
Electrochemical, Electromagnetic, Thermooptic, etc.

Analog Sensors produce an analog output i.e., a continuous output


signal (usually voltage but sometimes other quantities like Resistance
etc.) with respect to the quantity being measured.

Digital Sensors, in contrast to Analog Sensors, work with


discrete or digital data. The data in digital sensors, which is
used for conversion and transmission, is digital in nature.
PART FOUR

Types of sensors
Temperature Sensor
• One of the most common and most popular
sensors is the Temperature Sensor. A
Temperature Sensor, as the name suggests,
senses the temperature i.e., it measures the
changes in the temperature.
Proximity Sensors
• A Proximity Sensor is a non-contact type sensor
that detects the presence of an object. Proximity
Sensors can be implemented using different
techniques like Optical (like Infrared or Laser),
100% Sound (Ultrasonic), Magnetic (Hall Effect),
Capacitive, etc.
Infrared Sensor (IR Sensor)
• IR Sensors or Infrared Sensor are light based sensor
that are used in various applications like Proximity
and Object Detection. IR Sensors are used as
proximity sensors in almost all mobile phones.
Light Sensor
• Sometimes also known as Photo Sensors, Light
Sensors are one of the important sensors. A simple
Light Sensor available today is the Light Dependent
Resistor or LDR.
• The property of LDR is that its resistance is inversely
proportional to the intensity of the ambient light
i.e., when the intensity of light increases, its
resistance decreases and vise-versa.
Smoke and Gas Sensors
• One of the very useful sensors in safety related
applications are Smoke and Gas Sensors.
• Almost all offices and industries are equipped with
several smoke detectors, which detect any smoke
(due to fire) and sound an alarm.
Alcohol Sensor
• As the name suggests, an Alcohol Sensor detects alcohol. Usually,
alcohol sensors are used in breathalyzer devices, which determine
whether a person is drunk or not.
• Law enforcement personnel uses breathalyzers to catch drunk-and-
drive culprits.
Touch Sensor
• We do not give much importance to touch sensors but they became
an integral part of our life.
• Whether you know or not, all touch screen devices (Mobile Phones,
Tablets, Laptops, etc.) have touch sensors in them
Color Sensor
• A Color Sensor is an useful device in building color sensing
applications in the field of image processing, color identification,
industrial object tracking etc.
• The TCS3200 is a simple Color Sensor, which can detect any color and
output a square wave proportional to the wavelength of the detected
color.
Humidity Sensor
• If you see Weather Monitoring Systems, they often provide
temperature as well as humidity data.
• So, measuring humidity is an important task in many
applications and Humidity Sensors help us in achieving this.
Tilt Sensor
• Often used to detect inclination or orientation, Tilt Sensors are
one of the simplest and inexpensive sensors out there.
• Previously, tilt sensors are made up of Mercury (and hence
they are sometimes called as Mercury Switches) but most
modern tilt sensors contain a roller ball.
Conclusion
 Sensors are central to industrial
applications being used for process
control, monitoring, and safety.
 Sensors are also central to medicine being
used for diagnostics, monitoring, critical
care, and public health.
THANK YOU

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