EMERGING

TECHNOLOGIES
Rohan Raj Poudel
Recap: Week 1
Definition of Emerging Technologies
◦ New, innovative, or evolving technologies that are still in early stages but have potential for
significant impact (society, industry)

Examples Discussed
◦ Historical: Steam Engine (an emerging tech of its time)
◦ Modern:
◦ 5G Networks
◦ Artificial Intelligence (AI)
◦ Quantum Computing
◦ Meta Smart Lens (e.g., AR/VR goggles)
Recap: Week 1
Covered Topics
◦ Future applications of emerging technologies
◦ Advantages (e.g., innovation, convenience, economic boost)
◦ Disadvantages (e.g., job displacement, ethical concerns, cost, pollution)

Activities
◦ Group discussions on the pros, cons, and use cases of each technology
◦ Workshop session for brainstorming and practical engagement
◦ Fun engagement using lovable.ai spin wheel to select random students for group sharing
◦ Presentation of findings by selected groups
Precap: Week 2
This week's focus will shift towards cybersecurity and how Honeypot Technologies are used to
deceive and study cyber threats.

Planned Sessions:
◦ Introduction to Security Concepts
◦ Basics of Security, Cybersecurity, and Cyberattacks
◦ Common examples of cyber threats and security breaches

◦ Introduction to Honeypot Technologies

◦ What is a honeypot?
◦ How honeypots are used to detect, analyze, and prevent cyberattacks
Precap: Week 2
Planned Sessions:
◦ Examples and Applications
◦ Real-world implementations of honeypots
◦ Types: Low-interaction vs High-interaction
◦ How organizations use them for research and protection

◦ Dos and Don’ts in Research/Report Writing

◦ Academic honesty and citation
◦ Structuring your research article
◦ Tips on avoiding plagiarism and improving clarity
Precap: Week 2
Planned Sessions:
◦ Workshop and Research Discussion
◦ Practical session: Research & discussion in groups
◦ Prepare mini research presentations on Honeypot-related case studies or tools
Understanding Security
What is Security?
• Security means guarding or protecting something valuable
• It ensures safety, integrity, and peace of mind
• Can be physical, digital, emotional, or societal

What is a Guard?
• A guard is anyone or anything that protects something from harm or unauthorized access
• Can be a person, a device, or even a program (e.g., security guard, CCTV, antivirus software)
Understanding Security
Why Do We Need Security?
• To prevent loss or theft of valuable things (money, data, identity)
• To protect privacy, peace, and resources
• To avoid damage, misuse, or unauthorized access

What Happens Without Security?

• Increased theft, data leaks, and misuse of information
• Can lead to financial loss, reputational damage, or even national threats
• Weak security invites attackers (physically or digitally)
Understanding Security
The Iraq Book Market Story
• In Iraq, in the book market, books
remain on the street at night
• Saying: “The reader does not steal, and
the thief does not read.”
• Meaning: If people have strong values
and ethics, there may be less need for
guards
• Reflects the idea that culture and
morality can also be a form of security
Understanding Security
What Are Security Rules?
• Guidelines and protocols to protect people, property, and information
• Based on potential risks, value of asset, and vulnerability level
• Examples:
• No ID = No entry
• Two-factor authentication
• Security camera zones
• Surveillance during night hours
Understanding Security
Real-Life Examples of Security
• Bank Security: Vaults, alarms, guards, CCTV
• National Security: Military, intelligence agencies, border control
• Home Security: Locks, security systems, smart cameras
• Money Security: Anti-counterfeit measures, secure transactions
• Personal Security: Self-defense, privacy, identity protection
Online Security
Online Transaction Security
• Protection of payment and personal data during online purchases
• Uses encryption, secure gateways, and OTP systems

Password & PIN Security

• First line of defense in personal and organizational digital systems
• Tips: Use strong, unique passwords, enable 2FA (Two-Factor Authentication)
• Avoid sharing or reusing passwords across platforms
Online Security
Security of Data (Personal & Corporate)
• Protecting files, databases, and personal information from hackers or leaks
• Organizations use encryption, role-based access, backups, and cloud security

Unauthorized Access
• When someone gains access to systems or data without permission
• Can result in data theft, manipulation, or spying
Online Security
Security Breach
• A successful attack where unauthorized access, theft, or damage occurs
• Example: Hacking into a company's database and leaking customer info

Protection Mechanisms
• Antivirus: Detects and removes harmful programs
• Firewall: Acts as a barrier between trusted and untrusted networks
• Spam Detection: Filters unwanted or harmful emails
• Security Software: Includes encryption tools, endpoint protection, VPNs
What is a Security Vulnerability?
◦ A security vulnerability is a weakness or flaw in a system, software, or process that can be
exploited by a threat actor (like a hacker) to gain unauthorized access or cause harm.

Types of Vulnerabilities

◦ Software bugs (e.g., not validating user input)

◦ Outdated systems (no security patches)

◦ Weak passwords

◦ Misconfigured servers or devices

◦ Human error (e.g., phishing, social engineering)

What is a Security Vulnerability?
Why Are They Dangerous?

◦ Can lead to data breaches, service outages, identity theft, ransomware attacks, etc.

◦ Most cyberattacks occur because vulnerabilities were not fixed in time.

Real-World Examples

◦ Equifax breach (2017): Due to an unpatched vulnerability

◦ Facebook (2019): Millions of passwords stored in plaintext

Cyber Attacks
What is a Cyber Attack?

• A malicious attempt to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system,

network, or data
• Can target individuals, companies, or governments

Who Performs Cyber Attacks?

• Hackers, criminal groups, hostile nations, insiders, or even competitors

• Can be motivated by profit, revenge, ideology, or just curiosity

Cyber Attacks
Why Are Cyber Attacks Done?

◦ Steal sensitive information (bank details, credentials, business secrets)

◦ Disrupt services (take down websites, stop company operations)

◦ Demand ransom (Ransomware attacks)

◦ Prove a point (Hacktivism)

◦ Cause chaos or show off skills (for fame or ego)

Cyber Attacks
Who Are Hackers?

• Individuals skilled in finding and exploiting system vulnerabilities

• Not always bad — depends on their intention and ethics

Types of Hackers

• White Hat Hackers – Ethical hackers, work legally to find vulnerabilities and help fix them
• Black Hat Hackers – Malicious hackers, break into systems for illegal purposes

• Grey Hat Hackers – Mix of both; may hack without permission but don’t always have harmful
intent
Cyber Attacks
Examples of Cyber Attacks

◦ Man-in-the-Middle (MITM): Intercepting communication between two parties

◦ Denial of Service (DoS): Overloading a system with traffic to make it crash

◦ Trojan Horse: Malware disguised as legitimate software

◦ Ransomware: Locks data and demands payment to unlock

◦ I Love You Virus (2000): Spread via email attachments, corrupted files

◦ Shortcut Virus: Replaces folders with infected shortcuts

◦ File Corruption Virus: Alters or deletes important data in the system

Cyber Security
What is Cyber Security?

• The practice of protecting systems, networks, and data from digital attacks
• Ensures confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information

Why Is Cyber Security Important?

• To prevent data breaches, financial loss, and operational disruption

• To safeguard reputation and trust

• To comply with legal and industry regulations

Cyber Security
Types of Cyber Security

◦ Network Security: Protects internal networks from intruders

◦ Information Security: Protects data integrity and privacy

◦ Application Security: Secures software and applications

◦ Cloud Security: Ensures safety of cloud-stored data

◦ Endpoint Security: Protects devices like laptops, mobiles, etc.

◦ Operational Security: Controls who accesses what within an organization

Cyber Security
Technologies Used in Cyber Security

◦ Antivirus software

◦ Firewalls

◦ Intrusion Detection & Prevention Systems (IDPS)

◦ Encryption algorithms

◦ Multi-factor authentication

◦ Security Information & Event Management (SIEM)

◦ AI & Machine Learning for threat detection

Cyber Security
Cyber Security Jobs & Companies

◦ Companies hire dedicated cybersecurity professionals: Security analysts, engineers,

consultants

◦ Cybersecurity is a multi-billion dollar industry

◦ Required in banks, hospitals, tech companies, governments

Cyber Security
Worldwide Cyber Workforce & Bug Bounty

◦ Some companies crowdsource cybersecurity using global talent

◦ Bug Bounty:

◦ Program where ethical hackers report vulnerabilities

◦ Companies pay rewards for finding real security flaws

◦ Famous platforms: HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Synack

◦ Earnings range from hundreds to millions of dollars (some hackers made over $1 million!)
Short Case Study
Mr. Bean’s Website Hack & Business Trust Loss

Background

• Mr. Bean, the beloved comedy character, is not just a TV figure — his official website hosted
content, merchandise, and fan interactions.

• The site was part of the brand's business and public relations strategy.
Short Case Study
Mr. Bean’s Website Hack & Business Trust Loss

What Happened?

• In 2015, the official Mr. Bean website was hacked.

• The attackers reportedly defaced the site and exposed its lack of proper security.

• While the hack didn’t result in major financial loss directly, the trust of fans and users was
impacted.
Short Case Study
Mr. Bean’s Website Hack & Business Trust Loss

Impacts

• Loss of Brand Trust: Fans questioned the safety of sharing info on the site.
• Business Reputation Damage: Affects future merchandise sales and partnerships.
• Public Embarrassment: Widely discussed online, harming the image of a globally loved brand

• Lesson: Even popular, non-technical brands need strong cybersecurity to protect trust and
business continuity.
Short Case Study
Mr. Bean’s Website Hack & Business Trust Loss

Moral:

1. Cyber Security is a myth for a few individuals.

2. If there is a door, it can be broken.

3. No business is too “funny” or “small” to be a target. Hackers attack wherever there is

weakness — and trust once lost is hard to rebuild.