Internet of Things

(IoT)
 Internet of Things(IoT) - Syllabus

UNIT – 3 :- DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

Design Methodology, Embedded computing logic,

Microcontroller, System on Chips, IoT system building blocks,
Arduino, Node MCU Board details, IDE programming.

Lecture Details:
Fundamentals of IoT
Branch: CSE/CSM/CS
Semester: III-II
 Cont..

IoT Design Methodology

• The IoT Design Methodology provides a structured approach to

designing, developing, and deploying Internet of Things (IoT)
solutions.

• It ensures that the project is efficient, scalable, secure, and meets the
user’s requirements

• This method can then be used to plan your own projects and take
them to the next level.
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IoT Design Methodology

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IoT Design Methodology

Step 1:
• Purpose & Requirements Specification: Define the purpose and requirements
of the system. In this step, the system purpose, behavior and requirements
(such as data collection requirements, data analysis requirements, system
management requirements, data privacy and security requirements, user
interface requirements, ...) are captured.

Step 2:
• Process Specification:. In this step, the use cases of the IoT system are formally
described based on and derived from the purpose and requirement
specifications are captured.
 Cont..

IoT Design Methodology

Step 3:
• Domain Model Specification: Domain model defines the attributes of the objects
and relationships between objects. Domain model provides an abstract
representation of the concepts, objects and entities in the IoT domain,
independent of any specific technology or platform. With the domain model, the
IoT system designers can get an understanding of the IoT domain for which the
system is to be designed.

Step 4:
• Information Model Specification: Information Model defines the structure of all
the information in the IoT system, for example, attributes of Virtual Entities,
relations, etc. Information model does not describe the specifics of how the
information is represented or stored. To define the information model, we first
list the Virtual Entities defined in the Domain Model. Information model adds
more details to the Virtual Entities by defining their attributes and relations.
 Cont..

IoT Design Methodology

Step 5:
• Service Specifications: Service specifications define the services in the IoT
system, service types, service inputs/output, service endpoints, service
schedules, service preconditions and service effects.

Step 6:
• IoT Level Specification: The sixth step in the IoT design methodology is to define
the IoT level for the system.

Step 7:
• Functional View Specification: The Functional View (FV) defines the functions of
the IoT systems grouped into various Functional Groups (FGs). Each Functional
Group either provides functionalities for interacting with instances of concepts
defined in the Domain Model or provides information related to these concepts.
 Cont..

IoT Design Methodology

Step 8:
• Operational View Specification: In this step, various options pertaining to the IoT
system deployment and operation are defined, such as, service hosting options,
storage options, device options, application hosting options, etc.
Step 9:
• Device & Component Integration: The ninth step in the IoT design methodology
is the integration of the devices and components.

Step 10:
• Application Development: The final step in the IoT design methodology is to
develop the IoT application.
 Cont..

EMBEDDED COMPUTING LOGIC

• It is essential to know about the embedded devices while

learning the IoT or building the projects on IoT.

• The embedded devices are the objects that build the unique
computing system. These systems may or may not connect
to the Internet.

• An embedded device system generally runs as a single

application. However, these devices can connect through the
internet connection, and able communicate through other
network devices.
 Cont..

EMBEDDED COMPUTING LOGIC

 Cont..
EMBEDDED COMPUTING LOGIC
• First developed in the 1960s for aerospace and the military,
embedded computing systems continue to support new
applications through numerous feature enhancements and
cost- to performance improvements of microcontrollers and
programmable logic devices.

• Today, embedded computing systems control everyday

devices which we don’t generally think of as “computers”:
digital cameras, automobiles, smart watches, home
appliances, and even smart garments.

• These embedded computing systems are commonly found in

consumer, industrial, automotive, medical, commercial, and
military applications.
 Cont..

EMBEDDED COMPUTING LOGIC

• Unlike general-purpose computers, embedded control systems are typically

designed to perform specific tasks.

• The embedded computing system designer’s task is to identify the set of

components that will implement the system’s functional, performance, usability,
and reliability requirements, typically within tight cost and development timeline
constraints.

• Accordingly, the selection of a microcontroller and its characteristics, including

data processing capabilities, speed, peripherals, and power consumption, is one
of the earliest and most critical aspects of system design.

• Part of the designer’s responsibility involves being aware of trends in their

particular industry and taking advantage of relevant components and techniques.
Let’s look for examples among the top industries for microcontroller applications,
the Internet of Things.
 Cont..

EMBEDDED SYSTEM HARDWARE

• The embedded system can be of type microcontroller or type microprocessor.

Both of these types contain an integrated circuit (IC).

• The essential component of the embedded system is a RISC family

microcontroller like Motorola 68HC11, PIC 16F84, Atmel 8051 and many more.

• The most important factor that differentiates these microcontrollers with the
microprocessor like 8085 is their internal read and writable memory.

• The essential embedded device components and system architecture are

specified below.
 Cont..

EMBEDDED SYSTEM HARDWARE

 Cont..

EMBEDDED SYSTEM SOFTWARE

• The embedded system that uses the devices for the operating system is based
on the language platform, mainly where the real-time operation would be
performed.

• Manufacturers build embedded software in electronics, e.g., cars, telephones,

modems, appliances, etc. The embedded system software can be as simple as
lighting controls running using an 8-bit microcontroller.

• It can also be complicated software for missiles, process control systems,

airplanes etc.
 Cont..

MICROCONTROLLERS

• A microcontroller is a semiconductor IC (integrated circuit)chip consists of

multiple functional block such as CPU, ROM, RAM, Timer, Counter & interrupts
etc. It is essentially a small computer with all peripheral inside a single package.
 Cont..

MICROCONTROLLERS
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MICROCONTROLLERS
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MICROCONTROLLERS
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MICROCONTROLLERS
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MICROCONTROLLERS
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MICROCONTROLLERS

• IoT devices are meant to be inexpensive, therefore the microcontroller needs to

be chosen so that its capabilities are not underutilized by the application. The
microcontroller specifications that determine the best part for your application
are:

• Bit depth: The register and data path width impacts the speed and accuracy
with which microcontrollers can perform non-trivial computations.

• Memory: The amount of RAM and Flash in a microcontroller determines the

code size and complexity the component can support at full speed. Large memories
have larger die area and component cost.
 Cont..

MICROCONTROLLERS

• IoT devices are meant to be inexpensive, therefore the microcontroller needs to

be chosen so that its capabilities are not underutilized by the application. The
microcontroller specifications that determine the best part for your application
are:

• GPIO: These are the microcontroller pins used to connect to sensors

and actuators in the system. These often share their functionality with other
microcontroller peripherals, such as serial communication, A/D, and D/A converters.

• Power consumption: Power consumption is critically important for

battery-operated devices and it typically increases with microcontroller speed and
memory size.
 Cont..

SYSTEM ON CHIPS (SoC)

• System on Chip in IoT designed by Redpine Signals is discussed below.

• This IoT SoC supports WLAN, bluetooth and Zigbee systems on a single chip. It
also supports 2.4 and 5GHz radio frequencies.

• As we know IoT is the technology which will provide communication between

things, between things and people using internet and IP enabled protocols.

• As we have seen in IoT tutorial any IoT compliant system will have two major
parts viz. front end and back end.

• Front end provides connectivity with physical world and consists of sensors while
backend consists of processing and network connectivity interfaces.
 Cont..

SYSTEM ON CHIPS (SoC)

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SYSTEM ON CHIPS (SoC)

• Typical IoT system on chip support more than one RATs (Radio Access
Technologies). It will have following modules.
• Transmit and receive switch.
• RF part mainly consists of Transmitter, receiver, oscillator and amplifiers.
• Memories i.e. Program memory, data memory to store the code and
data
• Physical layer(baseband processing) either on FPGA or on processor
based on complexity and latency requirement.
• MAC layer and upper protocol stacks TCP/IP etc. running on processor
• ADC and DAC to provide interface between digital baseband and analog
RF portions.
• Various interfaces such as SDIO, USB, SPI etc., to provide interface with
the host.
• Other peripherals such as UART, I2C, GPIO, WDT etc. to use the IoT SoC
for various connections.
 Cont..

SYSTEM ON CHIPS (SoC)

• As IoT system on chip supports multiple wireless protocols and RF hardware to

support multiple frequency bands, following factors need to be carefully
analyzed and to be optimized.
• Power-consumption
• Data-throughput
• Device-size
• Performance in terms of latency and other factors

• Figure depicts one such IoT System on Chip model no. RS9113,which has been
designed and developed by Redpine Signals recently. It supports WLAN
(802.11n), Bluetooth version 4.0 and Zigbee (802.15.4-2006) in the same chip.
Hence the IoT device can be connected with any of the said wireless technology
based networks.
 Cont..

SYSTEM ON CHIPS (SoC)

• This IoT SoC (system on chip in IoT) can be used for numerous applications as
mentioned below:
• Mobile
• M2M-Communication
• Real time location finding tags
• Thermostats
• Smart meters
• Wireless sensor devices
• Serial to Wi-Fi converter
• Voice Over Wi-Fi compliant phones
• Home automation
• Health care devices and equipments
 Cont..

BUILDING BLOCKS OF IoT

• Four things form basic building

blocks of the IoT system

1. Sensors,
2. Processors,
3. Gateways,
4. Applications.

• Each of these nodes has to have

its own characteristics in order to
form a useful IoT system.
 Cont..
BUILDING BLOCKS OF IoT
Sensors:
• These form the front end of the IoT devices. These are the so-called
“Things” of the system. Their main purpose is to collect data from its
surroundings (sensors) or give out data to its surrounding (actuators).

• These have to be uniquely identifiable devices with a unique IP

address so that they can be easily identifiable over a large network.

• These have to be active in nature which means that they should be

able to collect real time data. These can either work on their own
(autonomous in nature) or can be made to work by the user depending on
their needs (user-controlled).

• Examples of sensors are gas sensor, water quality sensor, moisture

sensor, etc.
 Cont..
BUILDING BLOCKS OF IoT

Processors:
• Processors are the brain of the IoT system. Their main function is to
process the data captured by the sensors and process them so as to extract
the valuable data from the enormous amount of raw data collected. In a
word, we can say that it gives intelligence to the data.

• Processors mostly work on real-time basis and can be easily controlled

by applications. These are also responsible for securing the data – that is
performing encryption and decryption of data.

• Embedded hardware devices, microcontroller, etc., are the ones that

process the data because they have processors attached to it.
 Cont..

BUILDING BLOCKS OF IoT

Gateways:
• Gateways are responsible for routing the processed data
and send it to proper locations for its (data) proper utilization.

• In other words, we can say that gateway helps in to and

for communication of the data. It provides network connectivity
to the data. Network connectivity is essential for any IoT system
to communicate.

• LAN, WAN, PAN, etc., are examples of network gateways.

 Cont..

BUILDING BLOCKS OF IoT

Applications:
• Applications form another end of an IoT system.
Applications are essential for proper utilization of all the data
collected.

• These cloud-based applications which are responsible

for rendering the effective meaning to the data collected.
Applications are controlled by users and are a delivery point of
particular services.

• Examples of applications are home automation apps,

security systems, industrial control hub, etc.
 Cont..

ARDUINO

Arduino is an open-source hardware, software and content

platform with a global community.

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-

to-use hardware and software.

Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a

finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an
output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online.
 Cont..
AURDINO BOARDS
 Cont..
POPULAR AURDINO BOARDS
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ARDUINO

Basic, most boards have either slow clock

speed or a limited number of I/O ports. All
these boards are powered by 8-bit
microcontrollers.

Arduino Uno is the most popular and widely used

development board. It is powered by
an ATMega328P microcontroller.

It is cheap, easy to learn and use, and also a

variety of premade modules are available for this
which makes it easier for developing new projects
or prototypes.
 Cont..
AURDINO UNO R3/ Example1

Arduino UNO is a
microcontroller board based
on the ATmega328P.
• 14 digital input/output
pins (of which 6 can be
used as PWM outputs), 6
analog inputs, a 16 MHz
ceramic resonator, a USB
connection, a power jack,
an ICSP header and a reset
button.
AURDINO UNO R3 BOARDS Cont..

Power USB
Arduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your
computer. All you need to do is connect the USB cable to the
USB connection
Power (Barrel Jack)
Arduino boards can be powered directly from the AC mains
power supply by connecting it to the Barrel Jack.

Voltage Regulator
The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage
given to the Arduino board and stabilize the DC voltages used by
the processor and other elements.
 Cont..

AURDINO UNO R3
BOARDS-PIN OUT
DIAGRAM
 Cont..
AURDINO UNO/ Example2

 1 POWER USB
 2 POWER (BARREL
JACK)
 3 VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
 4 CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR
 5 Arduino Reset
 6,7,8,9 Pins (3.3, 5, GND,
Vin)
 10 Analog pins
 11 Main
microcontroller
 12 ICSP pin
 13 Power LED
indicator
 14 TX and RX LEDs
 Cont..
Description of Arduino Uno board
1: Power USB
Arduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your computer.
All you need to do is connect the USB cable to the USB connection
2: Power (Barrel Jack)
Arduino boards can be powered directly from the AC mains power supply by
connecting it to the Barrel Jack.
3: Voltage Regulator
The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the
Arduino board and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other
elements.
4: Crystal Oscillator
The crystal oscillator helps Arduino in dealing with time issues. Arduino
calculate time by using the crystal oscillator. It uses 16MHz.
5, 17: Reset
You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., start your program from the
beginning(pin-17) and external reset button to the Arduino(pin-5)
 Cont..
Description of Arduino Uno board
6: Supply 3.3V output Voltage
7: Supply 5V output Voltage
8: Ground(GND):There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be used
to ground your circuit.
9: Vin :This pin also can be used to power the Arduino board from an external power
source, like AC mains power supply.
10: Analog Pins: The Arduino UNO board has six analog input pins A0 through A5.
These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor like the humidity sensor or
temperature sensor and convert it into a digital value that can be read by the
microprocessor.
11: Main Microcontroller: Each Arduino board has its own microcontroller, it as the
brain of your board. The microcontrollers are usually of the ATMEL Company
The information of an IC available on the top of the IC.
12: ICSP(in-circuit serial programming):a tiny programming header for the Arduino
consisting of MOSI (Master Output Slave Input):This signal is used to transfer the data
from master to slave MISO (Master Input Slave Output):
SCK, Serial Clock (SCK) - The clock pulses which synchronize data transmission
generated by the Controller, RESET, VCC, and GND. It is also referred as SPI (Serial
Peripheral Interface)
 Cont..
Description of Arduino Uno board
13, 14: Power LED indicator, Tx and Rx LED’s : This LED should light up
when you plug your Arduino into a power source to indicate that your
board is powered up correctly.
TX (transmit) and RX (receive). They appear in two places on the Arduino
UNO board. First, at the digital pins 0 and 1, to indicate the pins responsible
for serial communication.
Second, the TX and RX led (13). The TX led flashes with different speed
while sending the serial data.
The speed of flashing depends on the baud rate used by the board.
RX flashes during the receiving process.

Pin-15: The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15) (of which 6 provide PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) output. These pins can be configured to work as input digital
pins to read logic values (0 or 1) or as digital output pins to drive different modules like
LEDs, relays, etc. The pins labeled “~” can be used to generate PWM.
Pin-16: AREF( Analog Reference: It is sometimes, used to set an external reference
voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.
USB cable: The Arduino IDE on our computer and prepare the board to receive
the program via USB cable
 Cont..
AURDINO BOARDS

• Applications Various kinds of Arduino boards are available

depending on different microcontrollers used.

• However, all Arduino boards have one thing in common:

they are programmed through the Arduino IDE software.

• The differences are based on the number of inputs and

outputs. The number of sensors, leds and buttons you can
use on a single board, speed, operating voltage, form factor
etc.

• Some boards are designed to be embedded and have no

programming interface
 Cont..
AURDINO BOARDS
 Cont..
AURDINO

• We can program the Arduino UNO using the Arduino IDE. The
Arduino IDE is the integral development program, which is
common to all the boards.

• We can also use Arduino Web Editor, which allows us to upload

sketches and write the code from our web browser (Google
Chrome recommended) to any Arduino Board. It is an online
platform

• The USB connection is essential to connect the computer with

the board. After the connection, the PWR pins will light in
green. It is a green power LED.
 Cont..

AURDINO BOARDS

Steps
• The steps to get started with Arduino UNO are listed below:

• Install the drivers of the board.

• As soon we connect the board to the computer, Windows from XP to 10

will automatically install the board drivers.

• But, if you have expanded or downloaded the zip package, follow the
below steps:
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AURDINO BOARDS
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AURDINO BOARDS
 Cont..
AURDINO BOARDS
 Cont..

AURDINO BOARDS

What is Setup? What type of code is written in the setup

block?
• It contains an initial part of the code to be executed.

• The pin modes, libraries, variables, etc., are initialized in the setup section.

• It is executed only once during the uploading of the program and after reset
or power up of the Arduino board.
 Cont..

AURDINO BOARDS

What is Loop? What type of code is written in the Loop

block?
• The loop contains statements that are executed repeatedly.

• The section of code inside the curly brackets is repeated depending on the
value of variables.
 Cont..

AURDINO BOARDS

Time in Arduino
• The time in Arduino programming is measured in a
millisecond.

• Where, 1 sec = 1000 milliseconds

• We can adjust the timing according to the milliseconds.

• For example, for a 5-second delay, the time displayed will be

5000 milliseconds.
 Cont..

AURDINO BOARDS
 Cont..
AURDINO BOARDS
 Cont..

AURDINO BOARDS

• pinMode()
• The specific pin number is set as the INPUT or OUTPUT in the pinMode ()
function.
• The syntax is: pinMode(pin, mode) where,
• Pin: It is the pin number. We can select the pin number according to the
requirements.
• Mode: We can set the mode as INPUT or OUTPUT according to the
corresponding pin number.
• Example: We want to set the 13 pin number as the output pin.
• Code:
• pinMode (13, OUTPUT);
 Cont..

AURDINO BOARDS

• digitalWrite()

• The digitalWrite () function is used to set the value of a pin as HIGH or LOW.
Where,

• HIGH: It sets the value of the voltage. For the 5V board, it will set the value
of 5V, while for 3.3V, it will set the value of 3.3V.
• LOW: It sets the value = 0(GND).
• If we do not set the pinMode as OUTPUT, the LED may light dim.
• The syntax is: digitalWrite(pin, value HIGH/LOW)
• Pin: We can specify the pin number or the declared variable.
 Cont..

AURDINO BOARDS

• Let’s understand with an example.

• Example:

• digitalWrite (13, HIGH);

• digitalWrite (13, LOW);

• The HIGH will ON the LED and LOW will OFF the LED connected to pin
number 13.
 Cont..

AURDINO BOARDS

What is the difference between digitalRead () and digitalWrite ()?

• The digitalRead () function will read the HIGH/LOW from the digital pin, and
the digitalWrite () function is used to set the HIGH/LOW value of the digital
pin.

• delay()
• The delay () function is a blocking function to pause a program from doing a
task during the specified duration in milliseconds.
• For example, - delay (2000)
• Where, 1 sec = 1000 millisecond
 Cont..

AURDINO BOARDS
 Cont..
LED BLINK PROGRAM

Turn an LED on and off every second.

// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board

void setup() { // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.

pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}
 Cont..

AURDINO BOARDS
 Cont..

Node MCU

• The NodeMCU (Node Microcontroller Unit) is an

open source software and hardware development
environment that is build around a very
inexpensive System-on-a-Chip (SoC) called the
ESP8266.

 An Arduino-like device

 Main component:ESP8266 with programmable

pins and built-in wi-fi.

 Power via USB

 Low cost
 Cont..

TYPES OF Node MCU

 Cont..

Node MCU Main Component

 Cont..

Node MCU PIN DESCRIPTION

SINGLE LED BLINK PROGRAM USING Cont..
WEB

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> // For ESP8266 (use <WiFi.h> for

ESP32)
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h> // For ESP8266 (use
<WebServer.h> for ESP32)

const char* ssid = "Your_SSID"; // Replace with your Wi-Fi

network name
const char* password = "Your_PASSWORD"; // Replace with
your Wi-Fi password

// Pin configuration
const int ledPin = 2; // GPIO2 (D2 on ESP8266, can be different
on ESP32)
SINGLE LED BLINK PROGRAM USING Cont..
WEB

ESP8266WebServer server(80); // Web server running on port

80 (HTTP)

void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);

// Connect to Wi-Fi
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("Connected to Wi-Fi!");
SINGLE LED BLINK PROGRAM USING Cont..
WEB

// Set the LED pin as an output

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);

// Define routes for the web server

server.on("/", HTTP_GET, handleRoot);
server.on("/blink", HTTP_GET, handleBlink);

// Start the server

server.begin();
Serial.println("Server started!");
}
SINGLE LED BLINK PROGRAM USING Cont..
WEB

void loop() {
server.handleClient(); // Handle incoming web requests
}

// Root page, displays a simple webpage with a button

void handleRoot() {
String html = "<html><body>";
html += "<h1>LED Blink Control</h1>";
html += "<p><a href=\"/blink\"><button>Toggle
LED</button></a></p>";
html += "</body></html>";
server.send(200, "text/html", html);
}
SINGLE LED BLINK PROGRAM USING Cont..
WEB

// Blink the LED when '/blink' is accessed

void handleBlink() {
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn the LED on
delay(500); // Wait for 500 ms
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Turn the LED off
delay(500); // Wait for 500 ms

// Send back a response

server.send(200, "text/html", "<html><body><h1>LED
Blinking!</h1><a href=\"/\">Back to
Control</a></body></html>");
}
 Cont..
INTERFACING WITH NodeMCU
 Cont..

IDE PROGRAMMING

• IoT programming in IDEs involves creating software for devices like sensors,
actuators, microcontrollers, and gateways. These devices are designed to
connect to the internet and communicate with other devices or cloud services.

Core Features for IoT IDEs:

•Device Compatibility: Support for microcontrollers (e.g., Arduino, ESP32,
Raspberry Pi).
•Cross-Platform Development: Tools for developing firmware, edge computing
applications, and cloud integrations.
•Communication Protocols: Libraries for MQTT, CoAP, HTTP, Bluetooth, and
Zigbee.
•Real-Time Monitoring: Tools to debug and test real-time data.
•Power Optimization: Features for analyzing and optimizing power
consumption.
 Cont..

IDE PROGRAMMING

Essential Components of IoT IDEs

1. Code Editor
•Write, edit, and manage IoT-specific code.
•Support for C, C++, Python, JavaScript, or specialized languages like Micro
Python and Circuit Python.

2. Firmware Development
•Integrated tools to write firmware for microcontrollers like STM32, ESP32, or
Arduino boards.
•Compatibility with real-time operating systems (RTOS) like Free RTOS.

3. Hardware Integration
•Support for GPIO, I2C, SPI, UART, and PWM for interacting with IoT
peripherals.
•Device simulation for testing without hardware.
 Cont..

IDE PROGRAMMING

Essential Components of IoT IDEs:

4. Debugging Tools
•Real-time debugging with JTAG or SWD.
•Data visualization for sensor readings.

5. Connectivity
•Tools for setting up Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, or LoRa WAN.
•Cloud SDKs for platforms like AWS IoT, Azure IoT Hub, and Google IoT Core.
 Cont..

IDE PROGRAMMING

Popular IDEs for IoT Development:

3.1 Arduino IDE
• Target .
•Data visualization for sensor readings.

5. Connectivity
•Tools for setting up Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, or LoRa WAN.
•Cloud SDKs for platforms like AWS IoT, Azure IoT Hub, and Google IoT Core.
 Cont..

IDE PROGRAMMING

IoT Programming Workflow Using IDEs:

1.Define Requirements:
1. Select hardware (microcontrollers, sensors, actuators).
2. Choose connectivity protocols.

2.Set Up IDE:
1. Install the IDE and necessary toolchains.
2. Configure board and port settings.

3.Write Firmware:
1. Use the code editor to write or import libraries.
2. Implement communication, data acquisition, and control logic.
 Cont..

IDE PROGRAMMING

IoT Programming Workflow Using IDEs:.

1.Compile and Upload:
1. Compile the code into machine-readable firmware.
2. Flash the firmware onto the hardware.
2.Debug and Test:
1. Use integrated debuggers or external tools.
2. Test device functionality with real or simulated inputs.
3.Deploy and Monitor:
1. Deploy devices in a real-world environment.
2. Monitor data streams and logs remotely.
 Cont..

IDE PROGRAMMING

IoT Programming Workflow Using IDEs:

4.Define Requirements:
1. Select hardware (microcontrollers, sensors, actuators).
2. Choose connectivity protocols.

5.Set Up IDE:
3. Install the IDE and necessary toolchains.
4. Configure board and port settings.

6.Write Firmware:
5. Use the code editor to write or import libraries.
6. Implement communication, data acquisition, and control logic.
 Cont..

IDE PROGRAMMING

IoT Use Cases:

•Smart Home: Controlling lights, thermostats, and cameras.
•Industrial IoT (IIoT): Monitoring machinery and predictive maintenance.
•Wearables: Health and fitness tracking.
•Agriculture: Automated irrigation and environmental monitoring.
 Cont..

IDE PROGRAMMING

Challenges in IoT IDE Programming:

1.Hardware Constraints:
1. Limited memory and processing power.
2.Connectivity Issues:
1. Network latency and data loss.
3.Security:
1. Protecting devices from unauthorized access.
4.Power Management:
1. Ensuring efficiency for battery-powered devices.